Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
465 articles
Research Article
Survey of Respiratory Care Professionals’ Knowledge in Early Mobilization: A Pilot Study
Hatem Othman Qutub, Abdelaziz Smiah Matani, Faraz Ahmed Farooqi
Pages: 208 - 212
Early mobilization (EM) is practiced for intensive care unit (ICU) patients in many hospitals in the Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia. Respiratory care professionals’ knowledge about using EM was, therefore, surveyed and investigated to improve and update its practice and ultimately to develop related...
Research Article
Molecular Detection of Influenza A and B Viruses in Four Consecutive Influenza Seasons 2015–16 to 2018–19 in a Tertiary Center in Western Saudi Arabia
Abdulhakeem Althaqafi, Fayssal Farahat, Asim Alsaedi, Majid Alshamrani, Moneerah S. Alsaeed, Baraa AlhajHussein, Sherif A. El-Kafrawy, Esam I. Azhar
Pages: 208 - 215
Introduction: Influenza infection poses a significant public health threat. The core for disease prevention and control relies on strengthened surveillance activities, particularly in Saudi Arabia, the country that hosts the largest annual mass gathering event worldwide. This study aimed to assess the...
Editorial
A 360-degree view of an ancient killer disease
Sarah E. Ahlbrand, Madhukar Pai
Pages: 209 - 210
Research Article
Rapid Estimation of Excess Mortality during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal -Beyond Reported Deaths
André Vieira, Vasco Ricoca Peixoto, Pedro Aguiar, Alexandre Abrantes
Pages: 209 - 213
Background: One month after the first COVID-19 infection was recorded, Portugal counted 18,051 cases and 599 deaths from COVID-19. To understand the overall impact on mortality of the pandemic of COVID-19, we estimated the excess mortality registered in Portugal during the first month of the epidemic,...
Research Article
The Roll-out of Child-friendly Fixed-dose Combination TB Formulations in High-TB-Burden Countries: A Case Study of STEP-TB
Lena Faust, Kawsar Abdi, Kristin Davis, Chen He, Caitlin Mehrotra, Emilie Stibolt
Pages: 210 - 216
Childhood tuberculosis (TB) has hitherto been treated through estimation of pediatric doses through the crushing of adult pills, but the bitter taste of the pills and the inaccuracy of this dosing method presents a challenge for both patients and healthcare providers, leading to poor treatment outcomes....
Review Article
Incidence and prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: An overview
Abdulellah Alotaibi, Lin Perry, Leila Gholizadeh, Ali Al-Ganmi
Pages: 211 - 218
Objective: This study aimed to report on the trends in incidence and prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia over the last 25 years (1990–2015).
Design: A descriptive review.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted for English-language, peer reviewed publications of any research design...
Research Article
Barriers related to non-adherence in a mammography breast-screening program during the implementation period in the interior of São Paulo State, Brazil
René Aloisio da Costa Vieira, Tânia Silveira Lourenço, Edmundo Carvalho Mauad, Valter Gonçalves Moreira Filho, Stela Verzinhasse Peres, Thiago Buosi Silva, Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira Lattore
Pages: 211 - 219
Mammography is the best exam for early diagnosis of breast cancer. Developing countries frequently have a low income of mammography and absence of organized screening. The knowledge of vulnerable population and strategies to increase adherence are important to improve the implementation of an organized...
Short Communication
Presence of blaPER-1 and blaVEB-1 beta-lactamase genes among isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from South West of Iran
Elham Davodian, Nourkhoda Sadeghifard, Abdolmajid Ghasemian, Samileh Noorbakhsh
Pages: 211 - 213
Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates have acquired resistance to antibiotics such as novel beta-lactams. The aim of this study was to investigate the blaPER-1, blaVEB-1, and blaPSE-1 genes among isolates of P. aeruginosa among intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Sixty-five isolates were collected. The antibiotic...
Research Article
Pattern of Antidepressant Utilization and Cost in Iran from 2006 to 2013 in Comparison with Other Countries
Fatemeh Soleymani, Forouzan Taheri, Elizabeth Roughead, Shekoufeh Nikfar, Mohammad Abdollahi
Pages: 213 - 219
Antidepressant prescribing patterns have changed globally over the past few years, with conventional drugs including tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors being replaced by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and novel antidepressants. The objective of this study was...
Research Article
Neonatal mortality in Nepal: A multilevel analysis of a nationally representative
Subas Neupane, David Teye Doku
Pages: 213 - 222
Objectives: This study investigated individual, community and district level factors associated with neonatal mortality among a national sample of Nepalese women.
Methods: Data were drawn from the 2006 Nepalese Demographic and Health Survey on women aged 15–49 who delivered within three years prior...
Research Article
Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in a MERS-CoV Endemic Area
Mazin Barry, AbdulEllah AlMohaya, Ali AlHijji, Layan Akkielah, Abdulaziz AlRajhi, Fahad Almajid, Aynaa Alsharidi, Fatimah S. Al-Shahrani, Naif H. Alotaibi, Awadh Alanazi, Leen Ghonem, Abdulkarim Alhetheel, Sarah Alsubaie, Ziad A. Memish
Pages: 214 - 221
Background: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) reported 170,639 cases and 1430 deaths from COVID-19 since the first case emerged in the country on March 2 through June 25, 2020. The objective of this report is to describe the characteristics and outcome observed among 99 hospitalized COVID-19 patients...
Research Article
Occurrence of acute respiratory infection, diarrhea and jaundice among Afghan pilgrims, 2010
Khwaja Mir Islam Saeed, Jawad Mofleh, M. Hafiz Rasooly, M. Iabal Aman
Pages: 215 - 220
Background: Annually 30,000 Afghans attend the Hajj in Saudi Arabia that is one of the largest mass gathering events in the world. We aimed to determine the prevalence of three syndromes of interest diarrhea, acute respiratory infections (ARI) and jaundice-among Hajjis gathering at the four transit sites...
Editorial
Four cases of nontravel-related leptospirosis in Oman: A call for action
Idris Al Abaidani, Salem Al Kathery, Satish L Ghugey, Mohhamad Baqi, Khalid Al-Mashikhi, Seif Al-Abri
Pages: 215 - 216
Research Article
The Role of Convalescent Plasma and Tocilizumab in the Management of COVID-19 Infection: A Cohort of 110 Patients from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman
Faryal Khamis, Ziad Memish, Maher Al Bahrani, Hamed Al Nummani, Dana Al Raisi, Samata Al Dowaiki, Shabnam Chhetri, Fatma Al Fahdi, Maha Al Yahyai, Nenad Pandak, Zakariya Al Bolushi, Zainab Alarimi, Sabria Al Hashmi, Issa Al Salmi, Ibrahim Al-Zakwani
Pages: 216 - 223
Aim: As Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to evolve, the search for safe and effective therapeutic interventions remain essential.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on patients hospitalized with laboratory confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2...
Research Article
Results of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey and implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries
Gulnoza Usmanova, Ali H. Mokdad
Pages: 217 - 234
We used Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data collected over time to monitor articles of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).
Methods: The GYTS is a school-based survey, conducted in 23 countries in WHO EMR countries...
Review Article
Factors associated with the farmer suicide crisis in India
Dominic Merriott
Pages: 217 - 227
Background: In India, it is estimated that ∼16,000 farmers die by suicide each year, and at rates far above those of the general population. This paper reviews much of the literature concerning the factors associated with this crisis.
Methods: A literature search was undertaken from multiple databases...
Review Article
Current Cancer Epidemiology
Camilla Mattiuzzi, Giuseppe Lippi
Pages: 217 - 222
In this brief report, we offer a concise overview on current cancer epidemiology garnered from the official databases of World Health Organization and American Cancer Society and provide recent information on frequency, mortality, and survival expectancy of the 15 leading types of cancers worldwide....
Research Article
‘Before reaching the last mile’- Knowledge, attitude, practice and perceived barriers related to tuberculosis directly observed therapy among ASHA workers in Central India: A mixed method study
Akash Ranjan Singh, Abhijit Pakhare, Arun M. Kokane, Hemant Deepak Shewade, Ashish Chauhan, Abhishek Singh, Arti Gangwar, Prahlad Singh Thakur
Pages: 219 - 225
Introduction: Community-based direct observed treatment (DOT) providers are an important bridge for the national tuberculosis programme in India to reach the unreached. The present study has explored the knowledge, attitude, practice and barriers perceived by the community-based DOT providers.
Methods:...
Research Article
Genetic Characterization of Second-Line Drug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the Northern Region of India
Rakesh Yadav, Aastha Saini, Jureka Mankotia, Rajiv Khaneja, Priyanka Agarwal, Sunil Sethi
Pages: 220 - 224
Rapid detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is important for the successful treatment of tuberculosis. Fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside resistance detection by molecular methods becomes more complex due to cross resistance among them. Thus, we aimed to determine cross-resistance...
Short Communication
District level coverage gap in Maternal, Newborn and Child Health care services in India
Rajesh Kumar Rai, Chandan Kumar, Prashant Kumar Singh
Pages: 221 - 224
India has the highest number of maternal (2010) and child (2009) deaths in the world suggesting a poor coverage in Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (MNCH) care services. This study assessed the coverage gap in MNCH care across districts in India using a robust aggregate Coverage Gap Index (CGI) developed...
Research Article
Spatial and non-spatial determinants of successful tuberculosis treatment outcomes: An implication of Geographical Information Systems in health policy-making in a developing country
Goodarz Kolifarhood, Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh, Shaker Salarilak, Alireza Shoghli, Nasim Khosravi
Pages: 221 - 230
This retrospective study aimed to address whether or to what extent spatial and non-spatial factors with a focus on a healthcare delivery system would influence successful tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes in Urmia, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, data of 452 new TB cases were extracted from...
Research Article
The Epidemiology of HIV in Oman, 1984–2018: A Nationwide Study from the Middle East
Ali Elgalib, Samir Shah, Adil Al-Wahaibi, Zeyana Al-Habsi, Maha Al-Fouri, Richard Lau, Hanan Al-Kindi, Bader Al-Rawahi, Seif Al-Abri
Pages: 222 - 229
We used population-based data on all diagnosed people living with Human Immunodeficiency (HIV) reported to the National AIDS Programme in 1984–2018 to describe the HIV epidemiology in Oman. A total of 3060 Omanis were diagnosed with HIV from 1984 to 2018. The proportions of new infections attributed...
Research Article
A Tablet Based Embodied Conversational Agent to Promote Smoking Cessation among Veterans: A Feasibility Study
Abu S Abdullah, Stephan Gaehde, Tim Bickmore
Pages: 225 - 230
Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA) offer a new means to support smokers as a virtual coach and motivate them to quit smoking. In this study we assess the feasibility and acceptability of an ECA to support quit smoking (“aka ECA-Q”). ECA-Q, a 14-days program, delivered through Tablet computers, interacts...
Research Article
Mammography use among women with and without diabetes: Results from the Southern Community Cohort Study
Maureen Sanderson, Loren Lipworth, Xijing Han, Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel, David Shen-Miller, Kushal Patel, William J. Blot, Margaret K. Hargreaves
Pages: 223 - 230
Studies have shown an increased risk of breast cancer associated with diabetes which may be due to differences in mammography use among women who have diabetes compared with women who do not have diabetes. Baseline data was used from the Southern Community Cohort Study – a prospective cohort study conducted...
Research Article
Relationship between the Human Development Index and its Components with Oral Cancer in Latin America
Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna, Edith Lara-Carrillo, Victor Hugo Toral-Rizo, Regiane Cristina do Amaral, Raul Alberto Aguilera-Eguía
Pages: 223 - 232
To evaluate the relationship between the Human Development Index (HDI) and its components with oral cancer (OC) in Latin America. Ecological study in 20 Latin American countries in 2010 and 2017, which evaluated the relationship between the Age-Standardized Rates (ASRs) of incidence and mortality from...
Research Article
Community Foodborne of Salmonella Weltevreden Outbreak at Northern Governorate, Sultanate of Oman
Ali A. Al-Maqbali, Seif S. Al-Abri, V. Vidyanand, Idris Al-Abaidani, Amal S. Al-Balushi, Shyam Bawikar, Emadeldin El Amir, Saleh Al-Azri, Rajesh Kumar, Azza Al-Rashdi, Amina K. Al-Jardani
Pages: 224 - 229
Objectives: To investigate the course of a community gastroenteritis outbreak by Salmonella and implement interventional activities and roles to prevent occurring such an outbreak in the future.
Methods: From August 27 to 2 September 2015, 101 individuals were reported among a local community. All affected...
Research Article
Low pre-diagnosis attrition but high pre-treatment attrition among patients with MDR-TB: An operational research from Chennai, India
Hemant Deepak Shewade, Dina Nair, Joel S. Klinton, Malik Parmar, J. Lavanya, Lakshmi Murali, Vivek Gupta, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Soumya Swaminathan, Ajay M.V. Kumar
Pages: 227 - 233
Background: Worldwide, there’s concern over high pre-diagnosis and pre-treatment attritions or delays in Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) diagnosis and treatment pathway (DTP). We conducted this operational research among patients with presumptive MDR-TB in north and central Chennai, India to...
Review Article
Protecting health workers from nosocomial Hepatitis B infections: A review of strategies and challenges for implementation of Hepatitis B vaccination among health workers in Sub-Saharan Africa
Bridget Malewezi, Saad B. Omer, Beatrice Mwagomba, Trish Araru
Pages: 229 - 241
The Sub-Saharan region has the highest Hepatitis B virus (HBV) rates, and health workers are at an increased risk of contracting nosocomial HBV infection. Vaccination of health workers plays a critical role in protecting them from sequelae of HBV; however, health-worker vaccination remains a challenge...
Research Article
Assessment of Local Health Worker Attitudes toward International Medical Volunteers in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Global Survey
Crystal Bae, Nehal Naik, Monika Misak, Sean L. Barnes, Avelino C. Verceles, Alfred Papali, Michael T. McCurdy, Lia I. Losonczy
Pages: 230 - 235
Background: International Medical Volunteers (IMVs) positively and negatively impact host countries, and the goals of their trips may not always align with the interests of the hosts in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). We sought to better understand local physicians’ interest of hosting IMVs...
Research Article
COVID-19 and Comorbidities: Audit of 2,000 COVID-19 Deaths in India
Shaffi F. Koya, Shahul H. Ebrahim, Lekha D. Bhat, Bindhya Vijayan, Salman Khan, Soji D. Jose, Zarin Pilakkadavath, Premini Rajeev, Jinbert L. Azariah
Pages: 230 - 232
Background: On September 5, 2020, India reported the second highest COVID-19 cases globally. Given India’s unique disease burden including both infectious and chronic diseases, there is a need to study the survival patterns of COVID-19. We aimed to describe the factors associated with COVID-19 deaths...
Research Article
Epidemiology of Meningitis in Oman—Implications for Future Surveillance
Padmamohan J. Kurup, Seif Al-Abri, Salim Al-Mahrooqi, Amina Al-Jardani, Shyam Bawikar, Bader Al-Rawahi, Idris Al-Abaidani
Pages: 231 - 235
Objectives: This study aimed to understand the epidemiology of meningitis cases admitted to hospitals in Oman and to identify any changing microbial patterns from the introduction of the new vaccines. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all cases of meningitis reported through a national surveillance...
Research Article
A prospective, observational, epidemiological evaluation of the aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of acute otitis media in Saudi children younger than 5 years of age
Khalid A. Al-Mazrou, Atef M. Shibl, Walid Kandeil, Jean-Yves Pirçon, Cinzia Marano
Pages: 231 - 238
Background: Information regarding acute otitis media (AOM) aetiology is important for developing effective vaccines. Here, bacterial aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of AOM were determined in young Saudi children.
Methods: Children aged 3–60 months with a new episode of AOM, who had not received...
Research Article
Estimating the potential impact fraction of hypertension as the main risk factor of stroke: Application of the distribution shift method
Azam Biderafsh, Manoochehr Karami, Javad Faradmal, Jalal Poorolajal
Pages: 231 - 237
Few published studies have assessed the impact of quantitative risk factors such as high blood pressure on stroke. The aim of this study was to quantify the potential impact fraction (PIF) of hypertension on stroke in Hamadan Province, western Iran. Avoidable burden of stroke associated with high blood...
Research Article
Impact of Advocacy, Communication, Social Mobilization and Active Case Finding on TB Notification in Jharkhand, India
Hemant Deepak Shewade, Vivek Gupta, Vaibhav Haribhau Ghule, Sashikanta Nayak, Srinath Satyanarayana, Rakesh Dayal, Subrat Mohanty, Sukhwinder Singh, Moumita Biswas, Kiran Kumar Reddy, Gayadhar Mallick, Om Prakash Bera, Prabhat Pandey, Sripriya Pandurangan, Raghuram Rao, Banuru Muralidhara Prasad, Ajay Madhugiri Venkatachalaiah Kumar, Sarabjit Singh Chadha
Pages: 233 - 242
Community-level benefits of screening for active tuberculosis (TB) disease remain uncertain. Project Axshya (meaning free of TB) conducted advocacy, communication, social mobilization, and active case finding among vulnerable/marginalized populations of India. Among 15 districts of Jharkhand state, the...
Research Article
A Case Series of Severe Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Treated with Tocilizumab and Glucocorticoids: A Report from Saudi Arabian Hospital
Salma AlBahrani, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Abdulaziz R. Alshaer, Amal Shilash, Khalid Alswefy, Razan Salamah Al-Zayer, Amr Mohamed Abouelela
Pages: 233 - 237
Background: The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is variable and ranges from asymptomatic, mildly symptomatic, moderately severe and severe disease. A small proportion might develop severe disease and may have cytokine storm. One of the therapeutic options to treat such cases is Tocilizumab (TCZ). In this...
Research Article
Assessment of metabolic syndrome in Kashmiri population with type 2 diabetes employing the standard criteria’s given by WHO, NCEPATP III and IDF
Shafat Lone, Kouser Lone, Saika Khan, Rafiq Ahmed Pampori
Pages: 235 - 239
Background: Around 20–25 percent of the world’s adult populations have the metabolic syndrome and they are twice as likely to die from heart attack or stroke compared with people without the syndrome. The World Health Organization proposed a definition for the metabolic syndrome in 1998 and later on...
Research Article
Lung cancer correlates in Lebanese adults: A pilot case–control study
Joseph Aoun, Nadine Saleh, Mirna Waked, Joseph Salamé, Pascale Salameh
Pages: 235 - 244
Background: Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancers. However, there are no epidemiological studies concerning lung cancer and its risk factors in Lebanon. This study was carried out to determine the association between lung cancer and its most common risk factors in a sample of the...
Letter to Editor
Donors, Noncommunicable Diseases, and Universal Health Coverage to High-quality Healthcare: An Opportunity for Action on Global Functions for Health
Lyndsay S. Baines, David J. Kerr
Pages: 236 - 236
Research Article
Evaluation of Noninvasive Respiratory Volume Monitoring in the PACU of a Low Resource Kenyan Hospital
Kendall J. Burdick, Muchai Stephen Thuo, Xiaoke Sarah Feng, Matthew S. Shotwell, Joseph J. Schlesinger
Pages: 236 - 243
This research aims to evaluate the use of the noninvasive respiratory volume monitor (RVM) compared to the standard of care (SOC) in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) of Kijabe Hospital, Kenya. The RVM provides real-time measurements for quantitative monitoring of non-intubated patients. Our evaluation...
Research Article
Retrospective Study of Bone-TB in Oman: 2002–2019
Wael A.H. Hegazy, Raqiya Al Mamari, Khalfan Almazroui, Ali Al Habsi, Ahmed Kamona, Huda AlHarthi, Areej I. Al Lawati, AlZahra H. AlHusaini
Pages: 238 - 245
Objective: Little information is available about the etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, and epidemiologic features of Bone Tuberculosis (Bone-TB). In this work, we present the epidemiological data about the Bone-TB in the Sultanate of Oman.
Methods: Retrospectively, we identified and assessed...
Short Communication
Tracking women and children in a Continuum of Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Healthcare (RMNCH) in India
Rajesh Kumar Rai
Pages: 239 - 243
The Continuum of Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Healthcare (RMNCH) model is suggested to be an effective tool to improve maternal and child health. This short dispatch proposes that if India pursues the continuum of care model, a well-designed follow-up strategy to track prospective mothers...
Research Article
Prevalence and correlates of tobacco use among school-going adolescents in Madagascar
Sreenivas P. Veeranki, Hadii M. Mamudu, Rijo M. John, Ahmed E.O. Ouma
Pages: 239 - 247
Approximately 90% of adults start smoking during adolescence, with limited studies conducted in low-and-middle-income countries where over 80% of global tobacco users reside. The study aims to estimate prevalence and identify predictors associated with adolescents’ tobacco use in Madagascar. We utilized...
Research Article
Pulmonary tuberculosis in Patna, India: Durations, delays, and health care seeking behaviour among patients identified through household surveys
Nerges Mistry, Eunice Lobo, Shimoni Shah, Sheela Rangan, Yatin Dholakia
Pages: 241 - 248
Background: Delays in accessing effective health care plays a pivotal role in increasing Tuberculosis (TB) transmission within the community. Patna, North India, with high levels of poverty and weak public health system, faces huge challenges for achieving effective TB control. The study aims to determine...
Review Article
Peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis due to Mycobacterium spp.: A case report and review of literature
Anusha Rohit, Georgi Abraham
Pages: 243 - 248
Mycobacterium tuberculous peritonitis is a less common cause of peritoneal dialysis related infection in developed countries. As both CAPD and APD are being used as renal replacement therapy in developing countries of South Asia, Mycobacterium tuberculous peritonitis are being reported. Any culture negative...
Research Article
Population-based Study of 24 Autoimmune Diseases Carried Out in a Brazilian Microregion
Dilceu Silveira Tolentino Júnior, Carla Meireles de Oliveira, Eliseu Miranda de Assis
Pages: 243 - 251
In Brazil, epidemiological data on autoimmune diseases are scarce due to the lack of a specific policy of attention to this group of diseases. This study aimed to estimate the general and relative prevalence of the diseases presented, as well as to know the sociodemographic profile of the identified...
Corrigendum
Corrigendum to “Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Lebanese Community Pharmacists toward Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease” [J Epidemiol Glob Health, 10(1), Pages 86–95]
Souheil Hallit, Rouba Karen Zeidan, Sylvia Saade, Aline Hajj, Rabih Hallit, Charbel Yahchouchy, Nelly Kheir, Katia Iskandar, Hala Sacre, Pascale Salameh
Pages: 244 - 244
Research Article
Depression, quality of life and primary care: A cross-sectional study
Panos Andriopoulos, Maria Lotti-Lykousa, Evelina Pappa, Angelos A. Papadopoulos, Dimitris Niakas
Pages: 245 - 252
Objective: To estimate the presence of depression and impairment of quality of life in primary care and identify correlations with demographics and chronic diseases.
Materials and methods: 500 people (220 men) that visited the Gytheio Health Center, Greece, participated in the study answering a study...
Short Communication
Objective cardiac markers and cerebrovascular lesions in Indian seniors
Stephanie H. Charles, Amanda C. Tow, Joe Verghese
Pages: 245 - 247
Cardiovascular risk factors are implicated in cerebrovascular disease, resulting in cognitive impairment. This study investigated the relationship between objective cardiac markers and cerebral changes in older Indian adults with and without dementia. Dementia patients with major electrocardiographic...
Letter to Editor
Do “Disease Awareness Days” Work? A 5-Year Investigation Using Google Trends
Giuseppe Lippi, Camilla Mattiuzzi, Gianfranco Cervellin
Pages: 245 - 246
Research Article
Policy Disparities in Response to COVID-19 between China and South Korea
Haiqian Chen, Leiyu Shi, Yuyao Zhang, Xiaohan Wang, Gang Sun
Pages: 246 - 252
Objectives: This study analyzed the effects of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical measures between China and South Korea to share experiences with other countries in the struggle against SARS-CoV-2.
Methods: We used the generalized linear model to examine the associations between non-pharmaceutical measures...
Perspective
Establishing Medical Coverage and Epidemiological Surveillance during the Grand Magal of Touba in Senegal: A Public Health Need
Cheikh Sokhna, Balla Mbacké Mboup, Ndiaw Goumbala, Mamadou Dieng, Ahmadou Bamba Sylla, Didier Raoult, Philippe Parola, Philippe Gautret
Pages: 247 - 249
The Grand Magal is a religious pilgrimage that takes place in Senegal. An estimated 4–5 million individuals yearly gather in the holy city of Touba. Pilgrims comes from the whole Senegal and surrounding countries and from countries outside of Africa where Mouride Senegalese emigrated. It is the largest...
Research Article
Establishing a cohort in a developing country: Experiences of the diabetes-tuberculosis treatment outcome cohort study
Fatima Mukhtar, Zahid A. Butt
Pages: 249 - 254
Background: Prospective cohort studies are instrumental in generating valid scientific evidence based on identifying temporal associations between cause and effect. Researchers in a developing country like Pakistan seldom undertake cohort studies hence little is known about the challenges encountered...
Research Article
Investigation of an outbreak of bloody diarrhea complicated with hemolytic uremic syndrome
Otar Chokoshvili, Khatuna Lomashvili, Naile Malakmadze, Marika Geleishvil, Jonas Brant, Paata Imnadze, Nazibrola Chitadze, Lia Tevzadze, Gvantsa Chanturia, Tea Tevdoradze, Tengiz Tsertsvadze, Deborah Talkington, Rajal K Mody, Nancy Strockbine, Russell A Gerber, Edmond Maes, Thomas Rush
Pages: 249 - 259
In July–August 2009, eight patients with bloody diarrhea complicated by hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) were admitted to hospitals in Tbilisi, Georgia. We started active surveillance in two regions for bloody diarrhea and post-diarrheal HUS. Of 25 case-patients who developed HUS, including the initial...
Research Article
Smoking motivators are different among cigarette and waterpipe smokers: The results of ITUPP
Hamidreza Roohafza, Kamal Heidari, Tahereh Alinia, Razieh Omidi, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Elham Andalib, Ali Ajami, Nizal Sarrafzadegan
Pages: 249 - 258
The present study explores different drivers of cigarette and water pipe smoking among middle and high school students in Isfahan province. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Trained staff collected questionnaires and saliva samples for response accuracy evaluation. Prevalence...
Research Article
Institutional Research Evaluation Model (IREM): A framework for measuring organizational research trends and impact and its application in medical academia in Saudi Arabia
Mazen Hassanain, Shirin Anil, Ayman Abdo
Pages: 249 - 256
Increased financial and human resource constraints for research and development (R&D) imply rigorous research evaluation to guide the research policy for wise allocation of resources. In this study, we developed a conceptual framework called the “Institutional Research Evaluation Model” (IREM) to...
Review Article
Operationalizing the One Health Approach in Uganda: Challenges and Opportunities
Esther Buregyeya, Edwinah Atusingwize, Peninah Nsamba, David Musoke, Irene Naigaga, John David Kabasa, Hellen Amuguni, William Bazeyo
Pages: 250 - 257
Uganda is considered as a ‘hot spot’ for emerging and re-emerging infectious disease epidemics. The country has experienced several epidemics including; Ebola, Marburg, plague, Rift Valley fever, yellow fever and Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever. Epidemics overwhelm health systems, devastate economies...
Research Article
Maternal Factors Associated with Mode of Delivery in a Population with a High Cesarean Section Rate
Tamala Gondwe, Kalpana Betha, G.N. Kusneniwar, Clareann H. Bunker, Gong Tang, Hyagriv Simhan, P.S. Reddy, Catherine L. Haggerty
Pages: 252 - 258
We sought to identify factors associated with mode of delivery in a peri-urban Indian population with a high cesarean section rate. Poisson regression with robust error variance was applied to model factors associated with cesarean compared to vaginal delivery in a prospective, preconception pregnancy...
Research Article
Providing detailed information about latent tuberculosis and compliance with the PPD test among healthcare workers in Israel: A randomized controlled study
Danielle Taubman, Nava Titler, Hana Edelstein, Mazen Elias, Walid Saliba
Pages: 253 - 260
Background: The compliance of screening for latent tuberculosis (TB) with the tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) test is very low among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Israel.
Methods: This randomized controlled study uses the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a conceptual framework to examine whether...
Editorial
COVID-19 Outbreak: The North versus South Epidemiologic Italian Paradigm
Alessandro Ottaiano, Mariachiara Santorsola, Mario Tamburini, Federica Corrado, Marianna Scrima, Marco Bocchetti, Gerardo Botti, Guglielmo Nasti, Michele Caraglia
Pages: 253 - 256
Research Article
Prenatal care utilization in Zimbabwe: Examining the role of community-level factors
Marshall Makate, Clifton Makate
Pages: 255 - 262
This paper assesses the importance of community-level factors on prenatal care utilization in Zimbabwe. The analysis is performed using data from the two most recent rounds of the nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey for Zimbabwe conducted in 2005/06 and 2010/11 linked with other community-level...
Research Article
A novel sputum transport solution eliminates cold chain and supports routine tuberculosis testing in Nepal
Bhagwan Maharjan, Bhabana Shrestha, Alexandra Weirich, Andrew Stewart, Cassandra D. Kelly-Cirino
Pages: 257 - 265
This preliminary study evaluated the transport reagent OMNIgene SPUTUM (OMS) in a real-world, resource-limited setting: a zonal hospital and national tuberculosis (TB) reference laboratory, Nepal. The objectives were to: (1) assess the performance of OMS for transporting sputum from peripheral sites...
Editorial
What is Currently Known About the SARS-CoV2 Variants of Concern
Tarek Souaid, Joya-Rita Hindy, Souha S. Kanj
Pages: 257 - 259
Review Article
The Increasing Trends in Cases of the Most Common Cancers in Saudi Arabia
Eman Chaudhri, Weam Fathi, Fazal Hussain, Shahrukh K. Hashmi
Pages: 258 - 262
Background: Cancer epidemiology in Saudi Arabia (SA) differs from that of the USA with respect to types of common malignancies. Hematologic malignancies are among the top five cancers prevalent in SA, including lymphoma and leukemia. Most common malignancies in SA also include breast, thyroid, and colorectal...
Research Article
Symptom clusters on primary care medical service trips in five regions in Latin America
Christopher Dainton, Charlene Chu
Pages: 259 - 264
Short-term primary care medical service trips organized by the North American non-governmental organizations (NGOs) serve many communities in Latin America that are poorly served by the national health system. This descriptive study contributes to the understanding of the epidemiology of patients seen...
Research Article
Molecular Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated in the North Central Zone of Nigeria
Benjamin David Thumamo Pokam, Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Lovett Lawson, Prisca Wabo Guemdjom, Ruth Okonu, Laura Madukaji, Nchawa Yangkam Yhiler, Anne Ebri Asuquo
Pages: 259 - 265
Tuberculosis (TB) incidence in Nigeria is high, with a significant burden of TB/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Genotyping and drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC) are important in order to improve the control of the disease. This study sought to determine drug susceptibility...
Letter to Editor
Serial Monitoring of Case Fatality Rate to Evaluate Comprehensive Strategies against COVID-19
Soichiro Saeki, Daisaku Nakatani, Chisa Tabata, Keita Yamasaki, Ken Nakata
Pages: 260 - 261
Research Article
HIV/AIDS outbreak investigation in Jalalpur Jattan (JPJ), Gujrat, Pakistan
Jamil Ahmad Ansari, Muhammad Salman, Rana Muhammad Safdar, Nadeem Ikram, Tabassum Mahmood, Hassan Abbass Zaheer, Henry Walke, Rana Jawad Asghar
Pages: 261 - 268
Background: In June–July 2008 a non-governmental organization (NGO) in Jalalpur Jattan (JPJ), Gujrat, Pakistan arranged two voluntary HIV screening camps after numerous HIV-infected persons reported to their treatment center in Lahore; 88 (35.8%) of 246 persons screened in those camps were positive by...
Research Article
Evaluation of physical fitness and weight status among fisherwomen in relation to their occupational workload
Pallav Sengupta, Elzbieta Krajewska-Kulak
Pages: 261 - 268
Background: Fisherwomen contribute significantly to the coastal economy of Eastern India; however, data about their physical fitness and weight status are scant.
Objectives: The present cross-sectional study was designed to investigate cardiorespiratory fitness and weight status of fisherwomen, which...
Perspective
Lessons Learnt and Pathways forward for National Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems after the COVID-19 Pandemic
Matthew Kelly, Gloria Mathenge, Chalapati Rao
Pages: 262 - 265
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on government services in many areas, including Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS). However, the pandemic has also highlighted the importance of recording of mortality and causes of death, with some potentially positive impacts for longer...
Research Article
Characterization of SCCmec and spa types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from health-care and community-acquired infections in Kerman, Iran
Yaser Fasihi, Somayeh Kiaei, Davood Kalantar-Neyestanaki
Pages: 263 - 267
Spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates is a worldwide problem. Molecular typing is a useful tool to understand MRSA epidemiology. Herein, we determined vancomycin-resistant, SCCmec and spa types among MRSA isolates recovered from healthcare and community-acquired infections...
Review Article
An Evaluation of Health Policy Implementation for Hajj Pilgrims in Indonesia
Rustika Rustika, Ratih Oemiati, Al Asyary, Tety Rachmawati
Pages: 263 - 268
Background: For last decades, the mortality rate of hajj pilgrims from Indonesia was between 2.1 and 3.2 per 1000 hajj pilgrims. At the same time, morbidity affected 87% of the elderly (>65 years old), of which 83% faced high risk of health problems. This is a complex problem affecting hajj health...
Research Article
Prospective study of predictors of poor self-rated health in a 23-year cohort of earthquake survivors in Armenia
Anahit Demirchyan, Varduhi Petrosyan, Haroutune K. Armenian, Vahe Khachadourian
Pages: 265 - 274
Long-term prospective studies exploring general health outcomes among disaster survivors are rare. Self-rated health (SRH) – a proven correlate of morbidity and mortality prognosis – was used to investigate predictors of perceived health status among a 23-year cohort of survivors of 1988 Spitak earthquake...
Research Article
Effect of Leishmaniasis on the Performance of Elementary School Students: A Case Study among Syrian Refugees in Some Bekaa (Lebanon) Area Schools
Hussein H. Khachfe, Firyal J. Zayyoun, Ehssan Sharif-Askari, Wiam Ramadan, Nancy Hallal, Hassan M. Khachfe
Pages: 266 - 273
Since the Syrian conflict started, Lebanon became a common destination receiving a huge number of Syrian refugees that are living in camps spread all over the country, with the largest concentration in the Bekaa Valley. Generous steps are being taken to increase the access to formal education, such as...
Perspective
The Hard Lessons Learned by the COVID-19 Epidemic in Italy: Rethinking the Role of the National Health Care Service?
Philippe Primo Caimmi, Andrea Capponi, Fabrizio Leigheb, Franca Dall’ Occo, Roberto Sacco, Mario Minola, Emmanouil Ioannis Kapetanakis
Pages: 266 - 270
The dramatic events precipitated by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus pandemic have highlighted the limitations and contradictions of our country’s current health care delivery model plagued by the closure of healthcare delivery structures, staff reductions, privatizations...
Research Article
Predictors of Ramadan fasting during pregnancy
Lily A. van Bilsen, Ary I. Savitri, Dwirani Amelia, Mohammad Baharuddin, Diederick E. Grobbee, Cuno S.P.M. Uiterwaal
Pages: 267 - 275
Although the health effects of Ramadan fasting during pregnancy are still unclear, it is important to identify the predictors and motivational factors involved in women’s decision to observe the fast. We investigated these factors in a cross sectional study of 187 pregnant Muslim women who attended antenatal...
Research Article
Effect of exclusive cigarette smoking and in combination with waterpipe smoking on lipoproteins
Souheil Hallit, Marouan Zoghbi, Rabih Hallit, Lara Youssef, Rachelle Costantine, Nelly Kheir, Pascale Salameh
Pages: 269 - 275
Objective:
A significant increase in total cholesterol and LDL-C is well shown in tobacco users, as compared to non-tobacco users. The additive effects of waterpipe and cigarette smoking on LDL levels have not been studied. The study’s objective was to assess the correlation between cigarette smoking...
Research Article
Conflict and diarrheal and related diseases: A global analysis
Bradley T. Kerridge, Maria R. Khan, Jürgen Rehm, Amir Sapkota
Pages: 269 - 277
The purpose of this study was to determine the association between deaths owing to terrorism, civil war and one-sided violence from 1994–2000 and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to diarrheal and related diseases, schistosomiasis, trachoma and the nematode infections (DSTN diseases)...
Research Article
Knowledge about tobacco smoking among medical students in Saudi Arabia: Findings from three medical schools
Hoda Jradi, Ali Al-Shehri
Pages: 269 - 276
Introduction: Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. Educating and training medical students about tobacco dependence prevention and treatment will prepare them for the task of helping smokers quit. In Saudi Arabia, little is known about medical students’ knowledge on this...
Review Article
Prevalence and Incidence of Low Back Pain in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review
Mai A. Aldera, Caroline M. Alexander, Alison H. McGregor
Pages: 269 - 275
Study Design: A systematic review.
Objective: To identify published studies that assess the prevalence and incidence of Low Back Pain (LBP) in the Saudi Arabian population.
Methods: Six electronic databases were searched for articles published between January 1995 and December 2018. Crosssectional...
Review Article
Epidemiological Investigations of Infectious Diseases among Mobile Populations at the University Hospital Institute Mediterranean Infection in Marseille, France
Thi Loi Dao, Van Thuan Hoang, Tran Duc Anh Ly, Ndiaw Goumballa, Philippe Gautret
Pages: 271 - 282
We review the most recent work conducted by our group on the circulation of infectious agents in mobile populations, including pilgrims participating in the Hajj (Mecca, Saudi Arabia) and the Grand Magal of Touba (Senegal) pilgrimages, homeless people, and medical students participating in an elective...
Research Article
Risk Factors for Severe Pneumonia According to WHO 2005 Criteria Definition Among Children <5 Years of Age in Thai Binh, Vietnam: A Case–Control Study
Van Thuan Hoang, Thi Loi Dao, Philippe Minodier, Duy Cuong Nguyen, Nang Trong Hoang, Van Nghiem Dang, Philippe Gautret
Pages: 274 - 280
Vietnam is one of the 15 countries where the prevalence of child pneumonia is highest. It is a major cause of admission in pediatric hospitals. However, little is known on the burden of severe pneumonia and their risk factors in children <5 years of age in Vietnam. A case–control study was conducted...
Research Article
Study of drug resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis cases in south coastal Karnataka
Parashuram Rao, Kiran Chawla, Vishnu Prasad Shenoy, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Vishwanath Brahmavar, Asha Kamath, Aswini Kumar Mohapatra
Pages: 275 - 281
The present cross-sectional study was conducted for the first time from the Udupi district of coastal Karnataka to know the prevalence of drug resistance and comparative analysis of MDR and non-MDR cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. Details of 862 smear positive cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with age...
Research Article
Does Being Transported by Emergency Medical Services Improve Compliance with the Surviving Sepsis Bundle and Mortality Rate? A Retrospective Cohort Study
Faisal Alhusain, Hanin Alsuwailem, Alanoud Aldrees, Ahad Bugis, Sarah Alzuhairi, Sami Alsulami, Yaseen Arabi, Nawfal Aljerian
Pages: 276 - 279
Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between patients with severe sepsis or septic shock being transported to the Emergency Department (ED) by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and the compliance with the 3-h sepsis resuscitation bundle [Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC)], and to...
Research Article
Prevalence of zoonotic tuberculosis and associated risk factors in Central Indian populations
Prachi R. Bapat, Renuka S. Dodkey, Seema D. Shekhawat, Aliabbas A. Husain, Amit R. Nayak, Anuja P. Kawle, Hatim F. Daginawala, Lokendra K. Singh, Rajpal S. Kashyap
Pages: 277 - 283
In the present study, we aimed to estimate the occurrence of bovine tuberculosis (TB) and examine the determinants of distribution of the disease in three high-risk populations of Central India. A prospective cohort study was conducted in Central India between March 2014 and June 2015. Based on the requisite...
Research Article
Change in the structures, dynamics and disease-related mortality rates of the population of Qatari nationals: 2007–2011
Mohamed H. Al-Thani, Eman Sadoun, Al-Anoud Al-Thani, Shamseldin A. Khalifa, Suzan Sayegh, Alaa Badawi
Pages: 277 - 287
Background: Developing effective public health policies and strategies for interventions necessitates an assessment of the structure, dynamics, disease rates and causes of death in a population. Lately, Qatar has undertaken development resurgence in health and economy that resulted in improving the standard...
Research Article
Community-engaged strategies to promote hepatitis B testing and linkage to care in immigrants of Florida
Jevetta Stanford, Alma Biba, Jagdish Khubchandani, Fern Webb, Mobeen H. Rathore
Pages: 277 - 284
To improve early identification and linkage to treatment and preventive services for hepatitis B virus (HBV) in persons born in countries with intermediate or high (>2%) HBV prevalence, the University of Florida Center for HIV/AIDS Research, Education, and Services (UF CARES) employed community-engaged...
Research Article
Determinants of access to antenatal care and birth outcomes in Kumasi, Ghana
N. Ntui Asundep, April P. Carson, Cornelius Archer Turpin, Berhanu Tameru, Ada T. Agidi, Kui Zhang, Pauline E. Jolly
Pages: 279 - 288
This study aimed to investigate factors that influence antenatal care utilization and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes (defined as low birth weight, stillbirth, preterm delivery or small for gestational age) among pregnant women in Kumasi. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted...
Research Article
Improved Access to Diagnostics for Rhodesian Sleeping Sickness around a Conservation Area in Malawi Results in Earlier Detection of Cases and Reduced Mortality
Marshal Lemerani, Fredrick Jumah, Paul Bessell, Sylvain Biéler, Joseph Mathu Ndung’u
Pages: 280 - 287
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Human African Trypanosomiasis (rHAT) is a zoonotic disease transmitted by tsetse flies from wild and domestic animals. It presents as an acute disease and advances rapidly into a neurological form that can only be treated with melarsoprol, which is associated with a high...
Research Article
Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Lebanese Adults: Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life
Sanaa Awada, Roula Ajrouche, Mariam Shoker, Amal Al-Hajje, Samar Rachidi, Salam Zein, Wafaa Bawab
Pages: 281 - 287
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disabling disease with significant impact on the Quality of Life (QOL) of patients. Information on the effects of RA on Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is lacking in the Lebanese population. The objective of this study was to evaluate QOL of...
Research Article
Fall-related injuries in a low-income setting: Results from a pilot injury surveillance system in Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Junaid A. Bhatti, Umar Farooq, Mudassir Majeed, Jahangir S. Khan, Junaid A. Razzak, Muhammad M. Khan
Pages: 283 - 290
This study assessed the characteristics and emergency care outcomes of fall-related injuries in Pakistan. This study included all fall-related injury cases presenting to emergency departments (EDs) of the three teaching hospitals in Rawalpindi city from July 2007 to June 2008. Out of 62,530 injury cases,...
Research Article
Serosurvey for Health-Care Workers Provides Supportive Evidence for the Effectiveness of Hydroxychloroquine Prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Reetika Malik Yadav, Archana Pate, Aruna Shankarkumar, Shreyasi Athalye, Shweta Shinde, Umair Ahmed Bargir, Mangesh Pate, Makarand Ganpule, Meena Pruthi, Hemant Patil, Manisha Rajan Madkaikar
Pages: 283 - 288
Background: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has resulted in occupational exposure among Healthcare Workers (HCWs) and a high risk of nosocomial transmission. Asymptomatic infection and transmission of infection before the development of symptoms are well-recognized...
Research Article
Evidence of ongoing brucellosis in livestock animals in North West Libya
Huda H. Al-Griw, Elfurgani Salem Kraim, Milad E. Farhat, Lorraine L. Perrett, Adrian M. Whatmore
Pages: 285 - 288
Animal brucellosis is thought to be present in small ruminants, cattle, and camels in Libya, particularly in the west coastal strip. Before the system collapsed due to political unrest in 2011, prevalence of the disease did not exceed 0.2% in cattle, 0.1% in camels, 8.3% in sheep, and 14.8% in goats....
Research Article
Epidemiology and risk factors of uninvestigated dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and gastroesophageal reflux disease among students of Damascus University, Syria
Tareq Al Saadi, Amr Idris, Tarek Turk, Mahmoud Alkhatib
Pages: 285 - 293
Uninvestigated dyspepsia (UD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are common disorders universally. Many studies have assessed their epidemiological characteristics around the world. However, such information is not known for Syria. We aim to estimate the epidemiologic...
Research Article
Impact of Knowledge and Practice on Fasting Blood Glucose Levels among Diabetics During Ramadan Fasting
Mohammed Al-Hariri, Soban Khan, Walid Albaker, Waleed Al Malik
Pages: 288 - 293
The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of knowledge and practice on the fasting blood glucose of diabetic patients during the month of Ramadan. The simple random sampling technique was used to calculate sample size and the computed sample size was 112. Participants were recruited...
Research Article
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Epidemiology of Food-borne Botulism in Iran
Mohammad Reza Montazer Khorasan, Mohammad Rahbar, Abed Zahedi Bialvaei, Mohammad Mehdi Gouya, Fereshte Shahcheraghi, Babak Eshrati
Pages: 288 - 292
Background: Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disease caused by toxins produced by several Clostridium species. This work presents the surveillance results of botulism in Iran, with the distribution of the cases by regions and by vehicle of transmission.
Methods: We describe the findings of the Centers...
Research Article
Prevalence of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among human-immunodeficiency-virus-seropositive patients and their treatment outcomes
C.K. Vidyaraj, A. Chitra, S. Smita, M. Muthuraj, S. Govindarajan, B. Usharani, S. Anbazhagi
Pages: 289 - 294
Multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) are a threat to the TB control programs in developing countries, and the situation is worsened by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. This study was performed to correlate treatment outcome with the resistance patterns...
Short Communication
Giant Molluscum contagiosum – A clue to the diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection
Sriparna Basu, Ashok Kumar
Pages: 289 - 291
Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a benign cutaneous viral infection, affecting mainly children and young adults. Though the disease is self-limiting in immunocompetent individuals, a severe and prolonged course is associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. The following reports an apparently...
Research Article
Prevalence and determinants of electrocardiographic abnormalities in African Americans with type 2 diabetes
Matthew B. Sellers, Jasmin Divers, Lingyi Lu, Jianzhao Xu, S. Carrie Smith, Donald W. Bowden, David Herrington, Barry I. Freedman, Elsayed Z. Soliman
Pages: 289 - 296
Background: Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities are independently associated with poor outcomes in the general population. Their prevalence and determinants were assessed in the understudied African American population with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Standard 12-lead ECGs were digitally recorded...
Research Article
Factors Associated with the Incidence and Mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) after 126-million Cases: A Meta-analysis
Jeerath Phannajit, Kullaya Takkavatakarn, Pisut Katavetin, Thanin Asawavichienjinda, Kriang Tungsanga, Kearkiat Praditpornsilpa, Somchai Eiam-Ong, Paweena Susantitaphong
Pages: 289 - 295
Objectives: This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the current global incidence and mortality of COVID-19 and also explored the associated factors including geographic variations, transmission scenarios, country economic status, and healthcare performance.
Methods: The search was conducted...
Short Communication
Foot ailments during Hajj: A short report
Shruti Sridhar, Samir Benkouiten, Khadidja Belhouchat, Tassadit Drali, Ziad A. Memish, Philippe Parola, Philippe Brouqui, Philippe Gautret
Pages: 291 - 294
A study of ailments of the feet in pilgrims of Hajj revealed that 31% of them suffered from blisters, and the prevalence was five times higher in females. The presence of comorbidity (diabetes, obesity and advanced age) warrants immediate attention to them to avoid serious complications.