Risk Factors for Severe Pneumonia According to WHO 2005 Criteria Definition Among Children <5 Years of Age in Thai Binh, Vietnam: A Case–Control Study

DOI

10.2991/jegh.k.191009.001How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Severe pneumonia; risk factor; children; Thai Binh; Vietnam

Abstract

Vietnam is one of the 15 countries where the prevalence of child pneumonia is highest. It is a major cause of admission in pediatric hospitals. However, little is known on the burden of severe pneumonia and their risk factors in children <5 years of age in Vietnam. A case–control study was conducted among children aged 2–59 months presenting with pneumonia at the Pediatric Provincial Hospital of Thai Binh. Cases were children with severe pneumonia while controls included those with non-severe pneumonia as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of 2005. Eighty-three cases and 83 controls were included. Sex ratio was 2.19. Children with severe pneumonia were significantly less likely to receive antibiotics preadmission compared to children with non-severe pneumonia [odds ratio (OR) = 0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.06–0.42]. The main risk factors of severe pneumonia were a lack of immunization (OR = 4.77, 95% CI = 1.80–12.65), an exposure to cigarette smoke (OR = 3.87, 95% CI = 1.62–9.23), and having a mother with a low level of education. Children with severe pneumonia were 25 times more likely to present with associated measles with p < 0.0001 and five times more likely to present with diarrhea than children with non-severe pneumonia (p < 0.0001). Improving immunization coverage, educating parents about the risks of passive smoking and the recognition of respiratory distress signs, and facilitating early antibiotic access for infants with acute pulmonary disease should reduce the burden of such illnesses. To implement a national, multicenter study about pneumonia in children, more precise inclusion criteria should be chosen, including radiological and/or biological assessment.

Copyright

© 2019 Atlantis Press International B.V.

Open Access

This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Thuan Hoang
AU  - Thi Loi Dao
AU  - Philippe Minodier
AU  - Duy Cuong Nguyen
AU  - Nang Trong Hoang
AU  - Van Nghiem Dang
AU  - Philippe Gautret
PY  - 2019
DA  - 2019/10/25
TI  - Risk Factors for Severe Pneumonia According to WHO 2005 Criteria Definition Among Children <5 Years of Age in Thai Binh, Vietnam: A Case–Control Study
JO  - Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
SP  - 274
EP  - 280
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
SN  - 2210-6014
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.191009.001
DO  - 10.2991/jegh.k.191009.001
ID  - Hoang2019
ER  -