Advances in Biological Sciences Research

Based on United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982), Indonesia has sovereignty in the Indonesian waters and has exclusive rights in natural resources utilization in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). By having sovereignty in the Indonesian waters and exclusive rights in the EEZ,...

Plastic products are in high demand due to their broad applications, resulting to a corresponding rise in the production of plastics. As a result of poor waste management practices such as uncontrolled open dumping, coastal littering, fishing, shipping and other industrial activities, plastics end up...

Various plants grown on land have been widely used to support sustainable agriculture and in various industries, including to produce medicines, beauty ingredients, food and beverage ingredients, biofuels, bioenergy, land conservation, produce early stress-resistant varieties, and plant breeding. The...

The development of beef cattle farming is currently an important concern for the government due to its role in supporting the availability of beef nationally. Beef cattle developed by small farmers were expected to support the availability of the meat. The problem was whether beef cattle business was...

Sustainable agricultural development emphasises the utilisation of natural resources, especially leading commodities, according to the ability of a region to improve the welfare of its farmers and stimulate economic growth. Agriculture is a sector supporting the economy of the Blora Sub-district. This...

With the increasing requirement in satellite communication, Digital Video Broadcasting-Satellite extension (DVB-S2X) standard is proposed to reach higher efficiency. DVB-S2X provides 112 adaptive coding and modulation modes to get high efficiency which approaches the Shannon limit. However, with the...

Mosquitoes are spread all over the world, mosquito-borne diseases are serious health problems. Mosquito coil can prevent contact between mosquitos and humans. Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin B.) contains active ingredients that can serve as insecticide which are saponin, flavonoid, and essential oils. In...

Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheria, which primarily infects the throat and upper airways, and produces a toxin affecting other organs. In severe cases, it causes myocarditis or peripheral neuropathy. In Indonesia, diphtheria has once been an epidemic...

Toba Banana (Musa acuminata Colla) is a local banana in Toba region, North Sumatera, Indonesia. People only utilize its pulp fruit, then its peels can cause environmental problems. Carbohydrate in banana peel can be utilized as substrate to produce citric acid through fermentation. Citric acid is an...

In this study, regenerated silk fibroin (SF) film was prepared by using 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) as cross-linking agent and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (MES) as assistant agent. To evaluate the effects of EDC cross-linking agent...

A general and efficient method for the synthesis of asymmetrical dinucleoside triphosphates with an antiviral nucleoside moiety has been developed. The coupling of adenosine diphosphate with antiviral nucleoside phosphoropiperidate via the DCI activation of P-N bond afforded the desired products in good...

During the learning process, teachers have not used workbooks, books used in the learning process, namely books borrowed from the library and Student Worksheets (LKS). LKS used by the teacher has several weaknesses such as the images presented are unclear and have unattractive colors. In addition, the...

This study aims to determine the histological and histomorphometric features of the turkey testes based on age levels. Turkey testes were taken from 21 male turkeys which were grouped into 3 different age groups; 12, 20 and 33 weeks. The testes were then processed into histological preparations with...

The genus Orthosiphon in the Lamiaceae or Mint family is closely related to Ocimum and is economically important for medicinal and ornamental plants. Even though the leaf and flower morphology look different, but the characteristics of the seeds (nutlets) are almost the same. This study aims to determine...

The reclamation of tidal rice fields has a long history, from the beginning to seventy years of independence. Around 3.4 million ha of swamp land have been utilized, including 2.8 million ha to produce rice. An available area of 15.75 million ha has not been reclaimed from 20.10 million ha. The gap is...

The seedlings and saplings plant stage determines the successional stages in the secondary forest establishment process. The estimation on aboveground biomass (AGB) of seedling and sapling plants is needed to describe undergrowth’s contribution in the secondary forest. This study’s objective was to develop...

This study aims to determine the effect of the leavening agent on the physical and sensorial qualities of fried beef meatballs. The leavening agent used in this research was baking powder (NaHCO3+C4H4O6) as T1, baking soda (NaHCO3) as T2, and SAPP or sodium acid pyrophosphate (Na2H2P2O7) as T3 and control...

Fine cracks have a gap width of ≤ 3 MM, the distribution properties can be local or road surface area. Some of the main causes of fine cracks are pavement material is not good, surface weathering, and sub-surface soil or layer is less stable. Fine cracks will develop into larger cracks if left unchecked...

The qualities of water are closely related with human health. Small molecular group water which contains 5-6 water molecules plays an important role to human body health. This paper reviewed the pure water was treated by the micro-nano powder of the Guhai rock to prepare a kind of small molecular group...

In this study, the cardinal and purple peanut testa were used as the raw materials for extracting polyphenol substances with ultrasonic and freeze-drying. Then the bacteriostasis and antifungal activities of the extracts were investigated by the methods of disc diffussion and equivalent against the Benzylpenicillin...

The low-carbon and circular economy are part of the green economy development in the redesign strategy of Indonesia's economic transformation towards an advanced Indonesia. The concept of life cycle thinking in creating sustainable products is needed to prevent pollution that impacts the environment....

Total mixed rations (TMR) containing conventional forage sorghum (Pahat), brown mid rib (BMR) forage sorghum (G5), or green midrib (GMR) forage sorghum (G8) were fed to local lambs to determine the effect on digestibility, performance and ruminal fermentation. Fifteen ewe lambs (aged < 1 year) with...

The results of the experiments connected with the study of the allelopathic effect of marigolds daily water infusion on the mustard seeds swelling in combination with the different concentrations of infusion, different temperatures and acidity of the medium are presented. The complex dependence of water...

Cooking fumes are mixture of various toxic components such as aldehydes, heterocyclic amines (HCAs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), fat aerosols and particulate matters (PM), which are mainly produced during or after cooking. Due to the toxic contents of CFs, CFs might cause lung toxicity,...

Our research to apply learning project based entrepreneurship to high school students. The research method is weak experiment. The sample used in this study were 1 class taken using cluster random sampling. The instrument used in this study was the assessment of student performance. The results of the...

This study aims to determine the productivity of cut and carry grass in ex-coal mining land. Samples of soils for analysis at the Soil Research Institute were taken at three points. The design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD), with plant varieties as treatment, namely Brachiaria brizantha cv....

Madura has excellent potential for corn cultivation because it has land reserves based on agroecosystem potential. The problem is the trend of corn production in Madura in the last five years is fluctuating and tends to decrease; this is because in local corn farming in Madura, especially in Sumenep...

Oligosaccharides are beneficial compounds for human health that are widely used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Our knowledge on the synthesis of oligosaccharides from tropical plant sources using amylases of indigenous microorganisms are still limited. This study aims to determine...

The identification of insect species is an important key in forensic entomology. Molecular examination of the nucleotide sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) gene has been widely performed before the morphology identification. We analyzed the partial conserved COII nucleotide sequence...

Khao Hawm Mae Paya Tong Dam (KHMPTD) is healthy traditional rice and an attractive rice variety grown in Chanthaburi, Thailand. Due to the increasing water scarcity for rice, there is a need to develop alternative irrigation systems using less water in producing high grain yield. The study aimed to assess...

Jambal roti is a fermented product from Manyung fish, which is quite famous in Java. The term ‘jambal roti’ refers to the salting and drying of fish. Manyung fish are easily damaged so that they need to be preserved by salting. The use of 30% salt in traditional production makes the product too salty....

The high level of pathogenic microbial contamination in milk can reduce milk quality. Milk as a source of animal protein is produced by dairy cattle with complete nutritional content. The complete nutritional content causes milk to be an ideal medium for bacterial growth. The bacteria that are found...

Livestock has an important role in supporting the availability of animal protein in the community. CV. Cahaya Mario as one of the livestock businesses has also established an animal feed factory to meet the internal needs of animal feed. This study aims to analyze the mass and energy balance of the CV...

The article deals with studies of the mutual influence of the components of herbs. The research in this area is too difficult because of the lack of an accurate data about chemical composition of natural raw materials. Therefore, the aim of the research was: to study the aspects of chemical composition...

Six kinds of seaweed polysaccharides (SPSs) extracted from Laminaria japonica, Porphyra yezoensis, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Sargassum fusiforme, Eucheuma gelatinae and Undaria pinnatifida were degraded and characterized. The sulfate group (-OSO3H) content of these polysaccharides were 21.7, 17.9, 13.3,...

The aim of this paper is to review literature on smallholder farmer’s adaptive capacity and practices in the African continent and Indonesia. Climate change has been the centre of attention across all sectors worldwide. African and Indonesian agriculture is dominated by majority of smallholder farmers...

Organisms formed as a mutualism symbiotic between fungi as mycobiont and algae as photobiont, Lichens, recently has been world-wide explored due to its uniq characteristcs and its highly beneficial especially in using this creatures as herbal medicine, environmental bioindicator. About 100.000 Lichens...

The purpose of the experiment is to evaluate the effect of sex and slaughter ages on the chemical composition, physical, and sensory qualities of Merawang chicken meat. The materials used in this research were 20 Merawang chickens aged 10 and 20 weeks, consisting of 10 male and 10 female chickens. The...

Oil palm fertilizers are located in circle weeding because it is usually “cleaner” than interrow. However, many planters assumed that this method is inadequate. This is because the density of feeding roots, which play an essential role in nutrient absorption, continues to decrease due to intensive fertilizer...

The strategic role of agricultural land faces serious challenges, including the conversion of agricultural land. Agricultural land conversion is related to people’s understanding of multifunctional value concept of agricultural land including economic and environmental value. Agricultural land is considered...

Purpose: To study the effect and function mechanism of Tonifying Kidney and Spleen, Detoxification of Throat method on IgA nephropathy. Methods: the 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Lotensin group, Tonifying kidney and spleen, detoxification of throat high, medium and...

In order to improve the effectiveness of the network prediction result of protein-protein interaction, the network prediction model of protein-protein interaction based on deep neural network has been proposed. Here, we present here a novel DPPI model with deep neural network and conjoint triad (CT)...

This study was aimed to find out burden of nematode infection in aceh cattle with different skin colors. The samples were 105 cattle consisting of adult male and female. Each of skin color consisted of 15 males and 20 females obtained from Aceh Besar District. The samples were examined in the laboratory...

Yogurt is a dairy product made through a bacterial fermentation process. The addition of lempahong fruit (Baccaurea lanceolata) which contains antioxidant compounds, is expected to add the unique taste of lempahong fruit and as a source of antioxidants as a functional processed animal product. This research...

Mangrove forest is an essential part of the coast area in Muara Village, Teluknaga District, Tangerang City. Research of economic valuation in mangrove forest around Muara Village has been conducted. The aim of this research were to calculate and analyze the economic value of the advantage from mangrove...

Shallot is included in volatile food groups in Indonesia. Any fluctuation in shallot production will influence the inflation level. One of the main problems that reduce local shallot production capacity is high production cost. Local shallot is mainly produced from bulb seeds that consume roughly about...

One of the vitamins that the body needs is vitamin C since it plays a crucial role as an antioxidant that can shield the molecules that the body needs. Vegetables that are green, like spinach, contain vitamin C. Both hydroponically and non-hydroponically, spinach can be grown. According to a study, spinach...

Reproductive rate may be a major issue conducive to the potency of animal production such as milk and meat. Determining estrogen, progesterone also cortisol during the phase of estrus in goats is supervised one of the most necessary parameters used to examine reproductive status. The purpose of this...

The application of electrophoretic technique to study allozyme enzymatic variation has been extensively used to explore hidden genetic variability in natural population and laboratory colonies of many calliphorid flies. Genetic variation at three enzyme loci viz., Alkaline phosphatase (APH), Xanthin...

It has been widely known that sugar palm fruit (Arenga pinnata Merr) contains galactomannan that has antioxidant activity. Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit free radical formation during oxidation reactions in the body that can cause disease. Antioxidant compounds are commonly found in natural...

Phytoremediation is becoming a cost-effective technology for the in-situ clean up of sites polluted with hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs). The major factors limiting phytoremediation are the mass transfer, rate of plant uptake, and microbial biodegradation of HOCs. To evaluate the potential of...

With the development of our agriculture, the utilization of edible mushrooms is more and more widely recognized. The resources of them are abundant in our country, especially in Sichuan. They contain not only rich nutrients, but also active substances such as polysaccharides, which with the biological...

AHP-FCE model was introduced to carry out evaluation of heavy metal pollution prevention technology. AHP was used to determine the weights of various evaluation indices, and FCE was used to evaluate heavy metal pollution prevention technology. The paper took HDS technology. as an example, to introduce...

Hyperlipidemia can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease (CHD), the number one cause of death worldwide each year. Therefore, needed efforts to reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, one of which is parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa), which has a high...

Agricultural land in North Lombok, Indonesia, provides farmers with several choices of crops to be grown, among others is cocoa. However, farmer reasons for growing this crop is not completely documented. This paper explores farmer reasons for growing the crop and models their decisions. This paper used...

Sheep needs nutrient supply to optimize their performance. Ration nutrients especially energy and protein are the major factors affecting the productivity of sheep. One of the plants that has the potential to be used as a protein source for sheep is Bauhinia purpurea L. Previous study showed 15% (BpLM)...

The study aims to determine the agronomic characteristics of local upland rice lines resulting from a mass selection. The study was conducted in Petimbe Village, Palolo District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, at an altitude of 500 above sea level, from February to June 2022. The study was...

During production periods, abundant by-products of the dead bird in broiler industries require an adequate alternative treatment to prevent harmful effects from direct disposal in the open environment. This study evaluates compost’s efficiency and physicochemical properties produced from coped dead broiler...

Monitoring and evaluation are essential to the successful implementation of mass drug administration programs for lymphatic filariasis elimination. PCR-based methods are preferred over classical dissections with the protocol of one L3 Brugia malayi larva in a pool of mosquitoes. We analysed the partial...

Palm tree (Arenga pinnata Merr) is a non-wood forest product with a big potency to be developed. Palm tree main product resulting from tapping male flower sap can be made to be sugar. This study aims to determine the effect of candlenut as a mixture of ingredients of the palm sugar quality in the Penyolongan...

Shallot cultivation has constraints in regarding less fertile soil and lacking of soil nutrients. This study aimed to determine the effect of suspension extracts of the agro-industrial plant wastes (banana weevil, pineapple rhizome, and oil palm empty fruit bunches) and the type of compost (solid and...

A novelBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) strain GZ2, was isolated from infected Hyphantria cunealarvae. The bioassay results showed that GZ2 had insecticidal activity to H.cunea larvae. The genotypes ofGZ2 were identified by PCR-RFLP method. GZ2 was identified to harbor cry9Ea10 gene and the full length of...

The technology of anaerobic fermentation of organic substrates and especially of organic wastes with rich microbiota needs effective method to observe the microbial community on the different stages of substrate transformation, including its digestion, fermentation and conversion of its products to methane....

Mentawai archipelago separated from Sumatra milions years ago. The utilization and management of landscape units of the Mentawai community in siberut, is strategies to maintain their survival. A large sea barrier promotes biodiversity differ from other areas include flora and fauna endemic. The observation...

In realizing food sovereignty, food independence, and food security, the government establishes national food reserves consisting of government food reserves, regional government food reserves and community food reserves. The development of national food reserves is intended to anticipate shortages of...

Artemisia cina is one of the members of Compositae family that have been identified to display antimicrobial activity. This study aims to examine the ability of wild-type A. cina (KJT genotype) and its polyploid mutant (J genotype) in inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria...

The sustainability of meat supply has to support by animal production efficiency, understanding the technical efficiency of the Peranakan Etawah goat farming is essential. The current study assessed the technical efficiency of Peranakan Etawah goat production in the North Samarinda Sub-District. A purposive...

The evaluation of water availability is crucial in planning and managing irrigation system. Rainfall is a climatic element having a very important role to provide crop water requirement. However, the amount of rainfall also depends on other climatic factors such as air temperature, humidity, wind speed,...

To investigate the ability of oxygen release from roots of different vegetation, and explain the mechanism. This paper tested the variation of oxygen release rate from roots of Thalia and Pontederia using a titanium ( ) citrate buffer. The results shows that oxygen release rates with the same condition...

To solve the problem of observing and testing the movement behavior control ability of aquatic animal robot, we have developed a double-layer multi-channel water maze device. The device is a rectangular parallelepiped structure composed of a square bottom, four rectangular side walls .The channel on...

Lichen is a mutualism symbiotic organism between fungi (mycobiont) and photosynthetic symbiont in the form of algae (photobiont). Lichen can be found from the lowlands to the highlands, growing epiphytes in soil, rocks, weathered wood, and on tree bark, such as on the surface of tea plants (Camellia...

The aim of this study was to determine relationship of lactation period with colostrum production and colostrum fat in Friesian Holstein crossbred in rural area of KPSP Setia Kawan, Nongkojajar, Pasuruan. A total of 37 dairy cow pasca partus consisting of different lactation period (1–4) were observed...

The effects of storage at different room RH-themperature treatment and packaging method conditions on Snake Fruit (Salacca Edulis cv. ‘Pondoh’) quality parameters, such as moisture content, brix (%), and fruits stress, were investigated. Packaging and storage method had impact significantly on the quality...

Sorghum is a cereal plant that has the potential to be developed as animal feed due to its resistance to drought stress and regrowth ability after harvest. This study aimed to determine the response of sorghum plants given mycorrhizae with different watering frequencies to the nutrient and prussic acid...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality and rumen fermentation kinetics of indigenous forages that were common to fed the goats by farmers. The method used was a survey by identifying the forages for the goat fed by the farmers surrounding South Gombong, Central Java, karst hills. The soil...

The high production of melons in Indonesia is affected by non-optimal post-harvest handling and the accelerated loss of quality due to its abundant water content, which reduce its economic value. The Sky Rocket variety is Indonesia’s most widely grown type of melon. The post-harvest handling of melon...

This paper proposes a kind of tactile display using composite materials. Proposed display consists of a core honeycomb structure and a bi-elastic material. The system has both the endoskeltal and the exoskeltal properties. Then, it can realize an elastic display strategy for rendering softness based...

The house dust mite (HDM) is a major allergen source and a significant cause of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. HDM is commonly found in dust originating from human resident and are mainly found in seats (chairs, sofas, benches), carpets, floors and beds (mattresses, pillows, sheets). This study...

Temulawak has tremendous potential for its benefits to be developed, in fact, the temulawak plant has advantages equivalent to Korean ginseng so that many people consider temulawak as "Indonesian ginseng". Besides being used as traditional medicine, ginger can be used as a drink, Health drinks...

This study was conducted in three different habitat types consisting of (1) forest, (2) rivers, and (3) paddy fields. We used transect lines with a length of 50 m with a distance of 1 m right and left. The number of transects in each habitat was 10. We found 148 individuals with 13 species belonging...

The increase in population and development activities impacts reducing resources or decreasing environmental quantity and quality. Palu city landscape is located in the ecotone area, which will influence environmental sensitivity and vulnerability due to population and development pressure. Ecotone area...

An efficient method has been established to induce adventitious buds regeneration from 3 kinds of explants (hypocotyl, cotyledon leaf and leaf) of Jatropha curcas L. All the explants were treated by high concentrations (5??"120 mg/L) of TDZ solution for different soak period (5??"80 min) with the regeneration...

A market economy characterized by existing of uncertainty and the possibility of choosing one or more development directions for the pharmaceutical market subjects causes risk situations. The reasons for their occurrence are usually the company affiliation, its size, form of ownership, legal status,...

Changes in the world are now entering the era of industrial revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) where information technology has become the basis in human life. Based on the initial evaluation, Indonesia is estimated as a country with high potential in facing IR 4.0. Nevertheless, education 4.0 is a response to...

The livestock investment system, or Maro, is one form of investment in great demand. Maro is a livestock-rearing system in which owners entrust their livestock maintenance to others for profit sharing. However, many potential investors have difficulty finding breeders willing to cooperate. This research...

After mastitis therapy, using the right technology, it was necessary to break down the antibiotics in waste milk. Due to microbial activity, the microbiology approach as an anaerobic treatment presumably successfully removes antibiotic residues in milk. This study attempted to Eliminate Antibiotic Residue...

Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) combined with ultrasonic technology was employed to extract polysaccharide from hawthorn leaves in this study. The partition behaviors in different ATPS were investigated first, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 11.5% and (NH4)2SO4 14% were selected as the optimum solvent for...

To explore the optimum growth condition of cherry tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum), the cherry tomato was used to study the soil respiration and photosynthesis of leaves under greenhouse and outdoor condition with Lou soil and loessial soil during fruiting period in the year 2013 and 2014.The results...

Fungal rhizosphere plays a very important role for soil fertility. Its compositions effects plant growth and resistance to diseases. This study aims to explore and to identify the diversity of fungi from rice rhizosphere of Banten origins. In this report, we describe the diversity of fungi from paddy...

Agroforestry in Long Beluah Village can be developed to support welfare and maintain community economic stability. Agroforestry is one of the land management systems that can be offered to solve problems arising from food problems and at the same time provide socio-economic benefits to farmers. This...

Coffee is one of the plantation commodities that has an important role in economic activities in Indonesia. The important role of coffee in Indonesia’s economic activities are as a source of foreign exchange earnings, as a provider of employment, and as a source of income for coffee planters and other...

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease generated by dengue virus infection. The dengue virus is transmitted to the host by mosquito vectors. The main and secondary vectors are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Dengue virus transmission is mediated by salivary gland proteins that facilitate the...

Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as an animal model to study the influence of isoflavone daidzein and daidzein metabolites, including dihydrodaidzein (DHD), O-desmethylangolensin (O-Dma) and equol, on lifespan in C. elegans at the concentration of 0.1 mmol/L. The results showed that equol...

In this paper, pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin were used to hydrolyze royal jelly water soluble proteins from Xinjiang Black Bee, and peptides with the molecular weight of more than 10kD, 3-10kD as well as less than 3 kD were obtained by using ultrafiltration. Through the determination of total antioxidant...

The present study investigated the ratio effects of dietary energy and protein on in situ rumen degradation kinetics of Ongole Crossbreed. Local feed consisting of dried cassava as energy source and palm kernel as protein source were used in the present study. Two dietary ratios of dried cassava and...

The Nidpur bed was discovered near Nidpur village, Sidhi District, Madhya Pradesh, India. The carbonized fossils of Nidpur beds comprise plant remains assignable to different groups of the plant kingdom like algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms. The gymnospermous remains often occur as detached...

The aim of this research was to address the impact of pre-slaughter handling and slaughtering process on animal welfare and changes of cattle behavior at local abattoir in Samarinda-Indonesia. To investigate the influence of pre-slaughter and slaughter procedures on stress levels and cattle behavioral...

Palm sugar is sugar from coconut sap in the form of crystals. The producers of palm sugar are mostly home industries that process sugar in a conventional way, using wood-fired stoves for thickening sap and the crystallization process is done manually. Improvements to the conventional method carried out...

Briquettes can be used as an alternative fuel to replace fuel oil. The method of making briquettes can be done in several ways, one of which is using the hydraulic system compression force method. The physical characteristics resulting from this method have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, this...

Chinese traditional culture contains rich ecological philosophy thought. This paper focuses on the analysis of the ecological and environmental philosophy of "harmony between man and nature" in Chinese ancient Confucianism and Taoism. It is believed that the thought has important practical guiding function...