Advances in Biological Sciences Research

This study aimed to find out the use of Bicomat doses and spacing to increase crop production and heavy metal reduction. It was carried out in paddy fields in Karangploso Subdistrict of Malang District from April to July 2022. The study used a Randomized Group Design (RGD), 2 factors and 3 repetitions....

This study aims to determine the digestibility and rumen fermentation of seaweed flour from Sargassum sp. with different drying methods on the weaned thin tail rams. Seaweed flour Sargassum sp. were made with three drying methods, namely sun-drying, 550C oven and -200C freeze dryer. Rumen fluid from...

For the sake of developing fish skin gelatin and CaCO3 composite films with antioxidant activity, different concentration of carnosine was added to it. In addition, the mechanical properties, optical properties, surface topography, anti-microbial activity, antioxidant activity and preservation effect...

PTOX has always been known as a key factor of defense response in plant testa. Recent studies show that The plastid terminal oxidase (plastid terminal oxidase, PTOX) is a nuclear encoded, plastid located plastid quinoxone oxidoreductase (plastid quinone oxidase). PTOX is the terminal oxidase of the plant...

The article presents the results of the research aimed at Medication Administration improving for pregnant woman with acute respiratory viral. During this social research a medical and social portrait of woman with acute respiratory viral was developed, the analysis of satisfaction and preferences in...

Mealybugs were recorded on dragon fruit, Hylocereus undatus (Family: Cactaceae) in Indonesia. The present of certain mealybug species on dragon fruit has become quarantine concern in country where the mealybugs species is absent. The objective of this study was to identify mealybugs species associated...

Biochemical changes in blood can be used as an indicator in liver and kidney disorder. This study aims to discover the changes of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels after the implant of black devil...

Preparation and percutaneous absorption of 2-methyl-2-perfluoro-2'-methyl-3'-oxoca- proyloxyl ethoxycarbonyl ethylmethyldipolyethoxylsilicane (V) were investigated. V was synthesized from 2-perfluoro-2'-methyl-3'-oxocaproyloxylethyl methacrylate and methyldichlorosilicane by hydrosilication, then by...

Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) was reported causing systemic mottling, chlorotic blotch, and leaf malformation on cowpea from several tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and South America. Recently, CPMMV infection was reported from several soybean growing areas in Indonesia with high incidence. The...

Jember Regency is one of the districts which is the center for the cultivation and development of coffee in East Java. The objectives of this research are determining the environmental impact and provide alternative recommendations for process improvement. Life Cycle Assessment is used to calculate the...

The anti-inflammatory activity of pacing putih flower (Costus speciosus (J. Koenig) Sm.) was tested. This study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethyl acetate fraction and methanol-water fraction. The method used was inhibition of protein denaturation using bovine serum albumin...

The purpose of this research was to study the comparison of sorghum straw (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) digestible quality with or without Indigofera (Indigofera sp) by in vitro analysis. The sorghum were added at 5% dry matter to 100% sorghum straw (T0), 70 % sorghum straw + 30 % Indigofera (T1) and...

Echinoderms are marine animal invertebrates that can be found from the intertidal zone to the deep sea. Nglolang Beach is dominated by rocky coral basins substrate with the presence of macroalgae which refers to the abundance of marine organisms such as Echinoderms. This research reports a study of the...

Generally ice cream was made from cow’s milk, resulting in high calorie and fat. Soy milk was used as an alternative for cow’s milk which had several advantages, but soy milk contains beany flavor that some people did not like. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii L.) extract has a unique aroma and flavor...

Changes in the use of agricultural land to non-agriculture are threats to food security. For this reason, a strategy is needed so that food agriculture in a region can be sustainable. This research aims to make recommendations for sustainable food and agriculture (SFA) policy strategies in Kulon Progo...

The study aims to assess the average daily gain (ADG) of Javanese thin-tailed (JTT) sheep with protein supplementation from Spirulina platensis. This study used ten female JTT sheep (5-months-old and average body weight of 13.66 ± 2.31 kg) and divided them into two groups. The first group (control) was...

Aren or Enau (Arenga pinnata Merr) is one type of palm plant which grows well in tropical areas, especially in Indonesia. The main product of the palm plant is sap which is the result of tapping from male flowers which is used as palm sugar and natural sweeteners. Palm sugar has antioxidant activity...

The nutritional content of cocopeat does not fully meet plant needs, so it needs to be combined with other organic materials such as manure. In addition, the relatively large porosity of cocopeat will affect plant productivity. This study aims to evaluate the nutrient content of cocopeat and the evapotranspiration...

Objective To research intracranial pressure change rules of craniocerebral injury through experimentation on animals. Method According to the difference of the hit parts, the animals are divided into three groups to collect the intracranial pressure changes through data collection system andpressure...

To explore the biotherapy effect of Shenfoweikang herbs in treatment of gastric cancer, BALB/C mice were grafted with a mouse gastric adenocarcinoma cell line MFC as the experimental model. The mice were divided into four groups. Mice in the experimental groups received different doses of Shenfoweikang...

Kutai Timur Regency has 3 KPHs (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan or Forest Management Unit = FMU), namely KPH Bengalon, KPH Kelinjau, and KPH Manubar. Many studies and considerations within Kutai Timur’s forest, mainly of the factors of accessibility extent, KPH Bengalon had been recommended as a model (pilot...

This research aimed to obtain Bacillus bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of native Indonesian chicken (Gallus domesticus) for bacteriocin production purposes against Escherichia coli. Bacillus bacteria were isolated from GIT (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) on Trypticase Soya Agar (TSA+5%...

Since 2013, California lemons have been grown in Banyumas Regency. Currently, Banyumas Regency has 12 ha of lemon planting space with 6,550 plants. California lemon growing is a privately held enterprise in Banyumas Regency. However, California lemon farmers in Banyumas Regency have collaborated with...

STEM literacy is the capacity to recognize, use, and integrate ideas from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in order to comprehend a difficult issue and come up with novel solutions. This study intends to assess students’ STEM literacy as it relates to biology instruction. Descriptive...

Objective: To analyze and discuss the effect of self-designed traditional Chinese medicine and ice in the treatment of sports injury. Methods: The study duration was from January 2015 to December 2017 and the 100 participants were selected from patients with acute sports injuries in our outpatient department....

The article presents the concept of marketing analysis of the additional services provided in pharmacies in the city of Belgorod. The authors carried out the assessment of customers' satisfaction with the quality of the additional services provided in the pharmacies in the city of Belgorod. Also the...

Some of the horticultural commodities that have been assigned to be excellent commodities in the period 2015-2019 are various chili, shallot, and orange. Shallot are strategic commodities in Indonesia as well as commodities with high price fluctuations compared to other horticultural commodities. The...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the content of organic C, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium nutrients, pH soil and C/N ratio in tidal paddy fields in Sidomulyo Village, Anggana District, Kutai Kertanegara Regency, East Kalimantan; use for productivity sustainability conservation; and identify...

Refugia is a place or area that is overgrown by several types of flowering plants planted around agricultural land areas that can provide shelter, food sources or other resources for natural enemies such as predators and parasitoids so that refugia is expected to reduce rice pest populations and increase...

The progressive anastomotic intimal hyperplasia has been considered as a major failure reason for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), which is associated with the abnormality of the hemodynamic conditions. We designed a set of plexiglass models which can serve as in vitro cells or tissue culture...

Gene expression is the process of reading from DNA into a functional product. Regulation of gene expression through complex mechanisms. HIF1-1α is one of the regulatory genes that regulates the return of homeostasis when there is a lack of oxygen (hypoxia). Hypoxia is often experienced by athletes during...

Food security as economic access to food availability and production to meet future food security challenges. This study research proposes to analyze the food security of horticultural farmer households based on the proportion of food expenditure and energy consumption. The method analysis uses level...

The paper discusses the various challenges encountered during drug delivery through intranasal routes. It also investigates how the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is effectively utilized by the researchers in mitigating these challenges and to develop a efficient intranasal drug delivery device.

The Human skin can experience physiological changes with age, resulting in skin aging. There are several types of factors that cause skin aging, such as intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa, Reinw.ex Bl) contains polyphenolic compounds that can improve the balance of ROS...

The objective of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of on-demand use of dapoxetine in treating lifelong premature ejaculation.This is a prospective, single center ,single blind, placebo controlled study. During the period of months between january 2015 and july 2015,60 patients diagnosed...

Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) as an Indonesian forest plant (generally called kincung, kantan, honje, vanity, tamarind acid, sambuang, scale beetle, siantan, and kecicang), flowering terna, fruit, and its seeds of Zingebereaceae family which are used as vegetable ingredients spices and control of plant...

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of single and continuous testosterone injection against cockscomb size, T3/T4 ratio, and histopathological features of the bursa of Fabricius in the male layers. Sixty DOC layers were divided into 3 groups namely control (C), single testosterone injection with...

This study aimed to examine the production performance of broiler farming in two different housing conditions. The study was conducted in company-farmer integration farming. Respondents were selected using the census method to all 92 broiler farmers with a minimum experience of one year in a company-farmers...

The hydroponic effect as growing systems and media on the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L). Based on the results of identification in the hydroponic farming group, hydroponic cultivation of plants is used as a solution to the problem of lack of land in farming, and lettuce is a top priority that...

In the present study, we generated complete genome sequence data from 45 Mongolian cattle. Together with published sequence data from world-wide cattle populations, we explored the genetic diversity and population structure of worldwide cattle breeds. Our findings revealed clustering of cattle populations...

In recent years, the methods with a generalized hidden Markov model have gained significant application and development in gene prediction, which is predicting the location and structure of genes in genomic sequences, and produced an army of remarkable programs, such as Genie, GENSCAN, AUGUSTUS, etc....

The aim of this study was to analyze the individual and combined antimicrobial effects of avocado seed (Persea americana) and ketepeng cina leaf (Cassia alata) methanol extracts against Staphylococcus epidermidis using the Kirby Bauer assay. Variations in the proportions of P. americana to C. alata (A:...

Clitoria ternatea L. commonly known as butterfly pea contain a great variety of bioactive compounds and its flower petals containing anthocyanins thus it has a potential to be a natural food colorant. Butterfly pea flower is still rarely used in food products because the anthocyanins and the other bioactive...

Inulin is a polymer of fructose units that are soluble in water and cannot be digested by enzymes but can be fermented by microflora in the colon. Inulin is commonly used as a food additive for synbiotic benefits. Inulin is generally produced from tubers or plant roots. Beneng taro is an indigenous tuber...

Typhoid fever is an infectious disease, the main cause of typhoid fever is Salmonella typhi. S. typhi bacteria have characteristics such as being rod-shaped, Gram negative, motile, able to ferment lactose quickly, and are facultative anaerobes. The entry of S. typhi bacteria into the body can be influenced...

The present study investigated the supplementation effects of ground cassava (GC) and cassava leaves (CL) with different ratios on digestibility of rice straw (RS) based-diet using in vitro technique. Two stages of in vitro ruminal digestibility were prepared and applied with different dietary treatments...

This study aimed to develop a simple method of crude aflatoxin (AF) B1 production for animal research. A. flavus was planted on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium as an isolate to be grown on maize and rice substrates at a concentration of 107/mL. Maize was added to water until the water content reached...

The article presents the results of improving the drug supply for women with menopausal disorders at the regional level. A sociological study of women with climacteric disorders as a consumer of pharmaceutical care has been conducted. Marketing analysis of the Russian and regional pharmaceutical markets...

To verify the anti-tumor effect of the Shenfoweikang on gastric cancer, BALB/C mice grafted with a mouse gastric adenocarcinoma cell line MFC was used as the experimental model. The mice received Shenfoweikang herbs over a 60-day period starting at the first day. The tumor size was periodically measured....

Sungai Wain Protected Forest Area (SWPF) occupies approximately 11,245 hectares of land, yearly fire-year outbreak inside and outside the area. One of the significant problems associated with this area is the optimal fire control measures. Therefore, this study examines the fire control model in Sungai...

In anticipating the rapid decrease of energy resource, especially fossil fuel, immediate actions are required to fulfil the needs of highly increased population in the world. Innovation to produce renewable energy from easily utilized raw materials should meet society’s needs including renewable raw...

Streptomyces sp. SA404 was isolated from the mangrove rhizosphere in Segara Anakan Cilacap known for its production of antibacterial compounds. The production of antibacterial compounds might be influenced by nutrients (C and N sources) and incubation time. The aims of this study were to know the medium...

A new approach for the recovery of value-added products from wastes is to search for a synergistic effect from combining two or more wastes. This work improved the recovery of phosphorus and proteins from swine manure by adding a second waste to the manure: fruit waste. The second waste rich in sugars...

This study has a purpose, namely to determine the characteristics of consumers selling online orchid plants at CV. ASRI GARDEN Kediri, to find out the obstacles in selling orchids online, to see the effect of the quality of orchids on consumer satisfaction online sales of orchids at CV. ASRI GARDEN Kediri....

CYP79B3 is an important cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in glucosinolate biosynthesis. Here, the Brassica oleracea var. capitata CYP79B3 (BocCYP79B3) gene sequence was obtained from Brassica database (BRAD), and preformed for sequence analysis. The BocCYP79B3 gene mapped to Scaffold000053, and contains...

Indonesia as one of the world’s largest palm oil producers is facing one significant problem with the amount of wastes they are producing from different stages in palm oil processing, which are consisted of the oil palm trunk (OPT), oil palm frond (OPF), empty fruit bunches (EFB), mesocarp fibre (MF)...

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are a growing global concern, including in Indonesia. By 2021, strokes were the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), affecting 87% of the global population, while in 2018, 33.3% of Indonesians experienced CVD primarily due to strokes. Thrombolysis mediated by...

Locally known as top predator fishes, peacock bass or cichlids are invasive in Malaysia’s freshwater ecosystem. Due to the nature of these fish, which involves hiding beneath the water’s surface, detection probability for these species are often poor, especially when utilizing the traditional capture-survey...

Moringa oleifera, which is endemic of Pulau Poteran, Madura, is one of a genetic variation of Moringa. It is native Indonesian germplasm, which must be preserved to maintain the genetic biodiversity of Moringa. Known locally as kelor, the plant has four different color of petiole: red, white, purple,...

To develop a rapid method for the detection RHDV2, 4 specific primers and 12 overlapping PCR primers were designed to amplify the conserved RHDV2 specific DNA fragment according to the genome sequences of RHDV and RHDV2 published in GenBank. Based on the synthesis of a conserved part of the RHDV2 sequence...

One of a plant that is usually used as a green roadside plant in the urban area is mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla K.). The influence of environmental pollution in plants can be seen from stomata in the leaves. This study was aimed to determine the characteristic of the mahogany leaf stomata in a polluted...

Banten Province has many local food, such as corn, Aren, and milkfish. The benefits of these local food is still largely unknown by school students in Banten Province. The developed of game interactive with local food content can be an interesting way as teaching learning media. The research aimed to...

This study was conducted to evaluate botanical fraction from three varieties of maize by-products. Maize varieties evaluated were Bisi 816, Pioneer 12 and Bima2 obtained from different locations. The plants were harvested at the grain maturity stage. The stover was partitioned based on its botanical...

Population growth is a problem that can lead to the conservation of agricultural land. This can result in increasing population pressure on agricultural land. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of population pressure and environmental carrying capacity (ECC) on agricultural land...

Alabio duck is a local duck and germplasm from South Kalimantan that lives and breeds in swamp agroecosystems. The necessity of Alabio duck breeds or day old duck (DOD) and duckling as a potential broodstock increases every year. The necessity of Alabio duck breed hasn’t been fulfilled properly because...

The excessive use of agrochemicals has led to deteriorated soil physical and chemical properties in alluvial field soils in Jember Regency, which now contains heavy metals. It is imperative to implement bioremediation efforts to ensure soil quality improvement. This study aims to determine the impact...

The rise in inflammatory diseases necessitates effective anti-inflammatory strategies. Astaxanthin and tocotrienols exhibit anti-inflammatory potential, with possible synergistic benefits. Combining multiple anti-inflammatory properties can provide a broad spectrum of protection. However, the effectiveness...

In order to analyze trends of development bibliometric analysis of researches development in major of science cartilage regeneration using adipose-derived stem cells that conducted in 2013–2022, wished could help other researches to comprehend latest information of this trend. This study is directed...

Rapid population growth is directly proportional to the increase in the consumption of polymers or plastics. It is very difficult to decompose in the soil, efforts to use it as an additional material for road construction are important. The addition of polymer can increase the stiffness of the asphalt...

The acupuncture signal in the uplink conduction, one side through the spinal cord segmental relationship affect the adjacent segments dominated by the skin, visceral activity and adjacent segments of the pain in the introduction; more often up to reach the brain stem, Forebrain and other parts, through...

Sandelwood horse is one of local horses in Indonesia that has become known for its use in horse racing competition. Many genes are known to have an effect on performances traits, but the role of one gene, Myostatin (MSTN) has not been explored yet. This gene is responsible for embryonic and adult muscle...

Dry land productivity can be increased by building irrigation networks, one of which is microcontroller-based drip irrigation. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the drip irrigation system on mustard pakcoy (Brassica rapa Subsp. chinensis) automatically using the Arduino uno...

This research was conducted to evaluate the growth of broiler chickens given bitter leaves (Vernonia amygdalina) in the drink as phytoadditive, potentially antimicrobial agents of lipids and amino acids. Amino acids of bitter leaves were analyzed by HPLC method, the fatty acid and fat content of bitter...

Objective: To summarize the clinic experience of flexible ureteroscope in diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary tract disease. Method: From Nov 2013 to Dec 2015, 60 hematuresis cases underwent flexible ureteroscope for diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary tract. Clinical data was analyzed retrospectively....

Rhinoceros beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is known as a phytophagous insect found associating with Agave spp. and has the potential to become a pest in crop cultivation. Agave is a fiber-producing plant utilized in natural fiber-based industries. This research was carried out with the aim to determine...

Silvoaquaculture is a model of brackish water ponds that combines aquaculture with mangrove conservation. This study examines aspects of feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rate (SR) as benchmarks for milkfish production that are maintained in three different types of silvoaquaculture ponds (Empang...

Dry land based on agroforestry has the potential to be utilized, but there are limiting factors such as low soil fertility. The use of organic fertilizers and biochar can increase soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to examine the response of soybean growth to the application of types of organic...

This study determines the optimal substrate-level used by proteolytic acid lactic bacteria to produce a product expressed in substrate affinity constant (Ks). Proteolytic lactic acid bacteria were isolated from cow colostrum, carried out at the Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Animal...

Objective: to summarize and analyze the clinical characteristic and clinical features of metastatic bone tumors: metastatic bone tumors occur in male patients mostly, mainly including male patients from 41 to 70 years old. The most common primary lesions of male patients include lung, prostate and liver....

The article presents the results of the optimization of the drug supply for children with disorders of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) under inpatient treatment at the regional level; a socio-demographic portrait of a child affected with autonomic dysfunction syndrome has been developed; a pharmacoeconomic...

This study aims to determine the essential oils most effective in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi (mold and yeast) in animal feed ingredients. Comparisons were made to the essential oils made from the peel of 3 types of citrus fruits: Pomelo, Sweet orange, and Lime. The research was conducted...

The FEO is made from a certain proportion of essential oil component of the curative effect, including terpenes, aliphatic, aromatic and nitrogen containing sulfur compounds. Traditional essential oil is processed and made into tablets, capsules and other dosage forms oral administration, effective ingredients...

Antibiotic resistance is a serious problem that needs to be dealt with immediately. One of solution can be issued is find and develop new potential antimicrobial derived from natural resources. Stem of Andaleh plant (Morus macroura Miq.) is potential candidate of natural resources which has antimicrobial...

Yardlong bean is one of the important vegetable crops in Indonesia. Immature pod of yardlong bean has various colour such as green, whitish green, red and purple. Artificial cross was done between purple and whitish green pod to get F1. First filial (F1) were advanced to F5 segregating generations for...

Sex determination of the embryo during the incubation phase is crucial in the poultry industry. This study focused on solving one of the crucial problems during the incubation phase in the laying poultry breeding industry, namely determining the sex of the embryos. The early stages of research will focus...

The good performance of agricultural extension officers impacts maize farmer behavior and increases maize farm productivity, improving farmers’ income and welfare. The success of agricultural extension workers in improving farmer competence and participation is closely related to internal factors, namely...

Food industry waste, especially fruit peels, increases every year and their disposal can cause environmental pollution that can affect health. Fruit peels are known to contain antioxidant and antibacterial compounds, and their utilization can provide more value to fruit peel waste. This literature review...

Indonesia was currently facing multiple nutritional problems. One of the nutritional problems was caused by a lack of consumption of vegetables. The Vegetables Go to School (VGtS) activity was a solution to promote a balanced nutrition menu, nutrition education and family nutrition development. The purpose...

The Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) is a highly migratory species of subtropical and tropical areas with an important role in the ecosystem. However, the hawksbill turtles are being hunted for their shell to make jewelry and decorative products. The harvest of its tortoiseshell with a combination...

Swietenia macrophylla King. as known as wide leaf mahogany is a type of exotic species from Latin America that is common planted in Indonesia. This species is widely cultivated in several regions in Indonesia due to the high demand for carpentry timber. Therefore, to meet the high demand of wide leaf...

Starter quality is one of critical factor in nata de coco fermentation. The isolation of nata de coco starter was needed in order to obtain pure isolate. In this research, isolation was conducted to 3 different starters from small nata de coco industries in Surakarta Regency (SME). The isolation produced...

Rice is the important food crop in the world and has become a staple food for more than half of the world’s population. PT Agrobisnis Banten Mandiri (PT ABM) is a food distribution center in Banten Province that especially handles rice products. It is a must that a warehousing and distribution system...

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacterium, which prevalence in the aquatic ecosystem and seafood products become a major threat to public health. Several virulence genes had been targeted for the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) detection of L.monocytogenes including hly coding for listeriolysin...

Deep-fried foods are getting popular due to their unique flavor, taste, and texture. Surimi is deboned minced fish flesh which is prepared by washing out fat, blood, and impurities. Surimi is generally used as a functional ingredient in various surimi-based products. Although deep-fried surimi-based...

. Epilepsy (Epilepsy, EP) is a brain functional disorder caused by brain neurons abnormal discharge, however, the etiology and pathogenesis of epilepsy is still unclear. With the development of computer technology and digital signal processing technology, research and analysis of EEG signals is gradually...

Objective: To analyze the methods and characteristics of animal model of oral ulcer and the characteristics of Chinese and Western medicine oral ulcer disease anastomosis. Methods: To summarize the characteristics of animal models of oral ulcers, modeling methods, analysis of oral ulcer animal model...

Functional neuroimaging studies have found that emotion network in patients with some psychiatric and neurological diseases was abnormal. However, human emotion network is extremely complex and understanding of it still remains unclear. So, it's difficult to regulate and remodel emotion network directly....

Laundry services have become a necessity and spread in every city in Indonesia. The number of laundry businesses produces waste containing surfactant (Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate/LAS) as an active detergent and phosphate compound (Sodium Tri Poly Phosphate/STPP) to improve washing power efficiency....

The agricultural sector in Bali Province is increasingly being displaced by other sectors to support tourism. This is indicated by the reduction of agricultural land to non-agricultural land, even though agriculture is a sector that is very much needed by Balinese people to support life both in the present...

The improvement of automation and big data analytics with technology is giving big benefits to the agriculture sector. In the open field crops, farming robot technology helps farmers to spray fertilizer. Soil data analysis can help to determine plant treatment. Harvesting robots for picking fruits with...