Cucumber mosaic virus, Papaya ringspot virus, Squash mosaic virus, Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus, Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus Tobacco mosaic virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl New Delhi virus and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus were among the viruses that infected cucumbers in Java, according to...

Drying the specimens is one of the crucial steps in plant preservation and the process of making Herbarium voucher specimens. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of the drying method on specimens in the laboratory using the standard method (oven) and drying in the field using a novel...

Salvinia molesta is invasive species and is also known as the worst weed that invaded Malaysia’s native wide range of aquatic ecosystem. This study was conducted to identify the potential metabolites Salvinia molesta invasive plant species from family Salviniaceae in Taman Botani Sri Medan, Batu Pahat,...

Indonesia has been known to have large forest areas and rich in biodiversity, which could be the source of primary and secondary metabolites. Along with the technological development and research in medicine, agarwood, which was initially used only for topical body treatments, room fragrances, and religious...

Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758)) is a rodent other than rats and mice that are commonly used in biomedical research because of its physiological similarity to humans. To meet the requirement as a standard laboratory animal, the care management of GP needs to be controlled, one of which...

Moringa oleifera, which is endemic of Pulau Poteran, Madura, is one of a genetic variation of Moringa. It is native Indonesian germplasm, which must be preserved to maintain the genetic biodiversity of Moringa. Known locally as kelor, the plant has four different color of petiole: red, white, purple,...

Guinea pigs or Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758) is small herbivorous rodent from South America. Guinea pigs (GP) are commonly used as experimental animals, pets, food, and animal-assisted therapy (AAT). Based on these benefits, the health of GP must be considered. Blood is essential biological sample...

Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn and Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Swartz) Sch.-Bip. are two Asteraceae species showing very similar morphological appearances. Both are broad-leaf weed species in some crops throughout many tropical areas. Nevertheless, the individual species can be potentially utilized...

Keruing (Dipterocarpus) is one of the Dipterocarpaceae family which produces oleoresin. Dipterocarpus species diversities will give the difference in oleoresin obtained from tapping, and its physical and chemical properties. This research aimed to determined the distribution of tapped oleoresin of D...

This study revealed the metabolite compounds of the Davallia species in the Mentawai Islands, West Sumatra, through metabolite profiling. This study aimed to determine the chemical compounds in the leaves of the Davallia species. Leaf samples of three species, D. denticulata (Burm. f.) Kuhn var. denticulata,...

Mortality, loss of production, slowed growth, poor weight gain, and even death are all common economic losses caused by haemonchosis. Due to the emergence of anthelmintic resistance and the expensive expense of chemical anthelmintic treatments, medicinal plants have been investigated as potential anthelmintics....

The selection step of plant breeding is a crucial stage in the process of developing new varieties which usually take a considerable long time in a conventional breeding. The development of molecular markers for selection has been carried out to reduce the time required. A Sequence Characterized Amplified...

Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the common pest known for attacking shallot crop. Baculovirus (Nucleopolyhedrovirus: NPV) is a biological agent that is widely used as the pest control agent. However, the activity of NPV is deteriorated when applied in the field due to the influence of ultraviolet...

The increasing ozone concentration in the upper stratosphere was not significant enough to be able to protect from the detrimental effect that ultraviolet (UV) light radiates. One solution to counter this problem is by using antioxidants as protectants, such as those contained in fruits. In order to...

Indonesia is a country that has high potential in biodiversity, especially in the marine areas. As the primary producer of marine ecosystems, macroalgae provide food for many species. Macroalgae have very varied structures but are generally divided into three groups based on their color of thallus i.e....

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the biggest commodities in Indonesia. Rice is cultivated in monoculture, so it affects the diversity of insects present in rice fields. The purpose of this research is to study the diversity of insect present at different ‘IR 64’ rice growth stages including seedling...

Soil fertility is one of the limiting factors for sweet corn crops. To overcome it, the wise use of fertilizer is a must to maintain long soil sustainability. Our previous study showed that a rhizobacteria consortium had a significant positive effect on crop growth and productivity; even the chemical...

The extensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture has resulted in the emergence of bacterial resistance strains. The medicinal importance of the herb such as Piper betle, Piper sarmentosum, and Piper nigrum evidently proved as one of the most promising commercial botanicals with earlier reported to possess...

Gracilariaceae is a macroalgal family of Rhodophyta which can be found abundantly in tropical waters, including in Southern Coasts of Gunungkidul D.I.Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Coral and sand dominate the substrate of Southern Coasts of Gunungkidul, so it is an ideal habitat for Gracilariaceae. Along with...

SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of people in Indonesia and taken thousands of lives by bonding Spike (S) protein and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) human cell receptor. Spike gene has a higher mutation rate compared to other genes, which suggested to increase its virulence, transmission and...

Ultraviolet (UV) is a form of physical stress that forces living organisms to respond to the challenge of DNA alteration. UV light causes oxidative stress by causing the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidants are substances that can interfere with the production of reactive oxygen species...

The mini zoo that became a local tourist spot manifests the ex-situ conservation of mammal species. Animal welfare principles play an important role in long-term sustainability during the animal care and management period. Mini zoos in Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region were assumed that their diversity...

Bekasi City is experiencing climate problems, one of which is a decrease in rainy days. The existence of the Patriot Bina Bangsa City Forest and Bekasi City Park is expected to reduce the impact of climate change through the role of the tree communities in it as a carbon sink. The problem faced is the...

The mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) tree is a sort of medicinal plant. The phytochemical analysis by previous research has proved that the mahogany bark methanol extract is contained i.e alkaloid, tannin, saponin, phenol hydroquinone, and flavonoid. Some medicinal plant that has mutualism symbiotic...

Tobacco is an agricultural export commodity important for Indonesia. Therefore, tobacco farming, especially in optimizing production, is an attractive point for research. The challenges in optimizing tobacco production are insect pests causing loss on tobacco production. This study aimed to identify...

Odonata acts as a natural enemy in the paddy field ecosystem. The Odonata diversity is highly related to habitat condition. This research analyzed the effect of altitude on the diversity of Odonata in paddy field ecosystems in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. This research was conducted...

The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate is called lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), essential in producing energy present in cells for various tissues, including the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle. Although the increased LDH activity is due to vascular thrombosis, bleeding, and...

‘GMP’ melon is a breeding cultivar that has a bitter taste and fragrant aroma. The bitter taste character indicates the presence of potential natural compounds that can be used as anti-cancer. This study aims to reveal the natural compounds of ‘GMP’ melon and its use as an anti-cancer computationally....

This study aims to assess the occurrence of pests of zoological specimen collections at natural history museums, management of the specimens with climate change patterns in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to determine the causes that damaged zoological specimens and the effectiveness of the...

Chrysanthemum is one of the favorite ornamental plants as a potted flower. Consumers currently prefer potted flowers with short stems, lush leaves, also uniform and compact flowers. It is necessary to form the potted flowers by applying paclobutrazol (PBZ). This research aimed to determine the effectiveness...

Methanol is an effective menstruum for attracting compounds with various pharmacological activities from Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav. Several studies reported that laboratory tests for reducing blood sugar content of red betel extract such as aqueous, ethanolic, and ethyl acetate extracts. This study...

As a hot spot of marine diversity, between 150 – 400 phytoplankton species have been reported in various Indonesian marine ecosystems. However, phytoplankton identification in Indonesia is mainly made manually by a human expert, which is a time-consuming process with many limitations. Thus, this study...

Hyperlipidemia can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease (CHD), the number one cause of death worldwide each year. Therefore, needed efforts to reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, one of which is parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa), which has a high...

Red chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a high-demand horticultural commodity in Indonesia but is vulnerable to quality deterioration. Postharvest treatment is needed to maintain the quality and extend the shelf life of red chilies. One of the promising preservation technologies to prolong the shelf-life...

Increased expression of genes encoding Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) is one of the plant defense responses against UV-B stress. Synedrella nodiflora may be tolerant to relatively high UV-B intensity. The research has been conducted to compare expression levels of genes encoding cytosolic, mitochondrial,...

Vanda tricolor var. Suavis Lindl. form Merapi is one of the crucial Indonesian orchid species. Due to natural disasters or deforestation of their natural habitat, the population of this orchid continues to decline and is threatened to be extinct. Therefore, a strategy for mass propagation of this plant...

Cardamine hirsuta from the Family Brassicaceae is a potential plant that can be used as an object of comparative study with Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Plant comparative studies involving closely related species with similar traits are used to investigate the genetic pathways underlying morphological...

The increased cancer burden globally, from 12.7 million new cases in 2008 to a predicted 22.2 million in 2030, makes cancer a critical global problem with high unmet medical needs. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide, and HCC is the third leading cause...

Rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme) is one of the Indonesian herbs that has not yet been developed as an anticancer drug. The local name rodent tuber plant has produced superior mutant strains with higher levels and bioactive compounds. Compared to the mother plant, GCMS analysis detected four new...

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum) is one of the high-value plants. However, shallot productivity has been decreased due to some disturbing organisms. Spodoptera exigua is one of the pests on shallot farming and causes a yield reduction of up to 70%. Farmers use excessive synthetic pesticides to overcome the...

ROR2 is a WNT receptor involved in non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways. PRD and IgFLNA domains are functional domains for binding to downstream proteins that lead to cancer development. This study aimed to analyze mutations in the PRD-IgFLNA-ROR2 domain also the role of the WNT5A-ROR2 pathway involved...

Chromium in form of hexavalent had been reported to be genotoxic and carcinogenic, affects some physiological, and reproductive features. The ability of aquatic animals including fish to tolerate chromium may vary according to different developmental stages. Therefore, this research was conducted to...

Melon is an important commodity in Indonesia and still dominated by imported melons such as Action 434 and Sun Lady. The ‘Kinaya’ cultivar is a crossbreed between ‘Kinanti’ and ‘Sonya’ cultivars. The development of ‘Kinaya’ cultivar as indonesian superior local melon is needed to improve the quality...

In 2020, there were 2.3 million women diagnosed with breast cancer with average, 7 percent to 11 percent of women with early breast cancer experience a local recurrence during this time. Resistance mechanisms in breast cancer include DNA repair mechanisms that protect cancer cells from endogenous or...

Sexual dimorphism (SD) is a common phenomenon in animals, especially in invertebrates and poikilothermic vertebrates, which can cause body size differences of males and females in a species. Rice ear bugs [Leptocorisa oratorius Fabricius (Hemiptera: Alydidae)] are a significant rice pest in Indonesia,...

Curcumin, an identical compound of Curcuma longa extract, shows limited bioavailability due to its lipophilicity. Inulin of degree of polymerization (DP) of 11 is a carbohydrate member that can potentially increase aqueous solubility and dissolve lipophilic compounds. This study aimed to investigate...

The Elang Brontok, scientifically named as Nisaetus cirrhatus is included in the least Concern in appendix II. The use of the COI gene for taxonomic in our previous study put our samples in a complex species taxonomical position. Further research needs to be done using other mitochondrial genes such...

The progression of many diseases due to viruses and bacteria makes for an increase in natural alternative medicine. One source of natural medicine is honey and propolis of stingless bees. Efficacy physical and chemical properties of honey are influenced by the type of pollen and the environment, while...

Chili pepper is a vegetable plant that is consumed by many people and has high economic value. Chili peppers contain secondary metabolite compounds, capsaicin which is synthesized in the epidermis cells. Capsaicin acts as a spicy taste in chili peppers, so chili peppers are favored by the public. Environmental...

New dental material of Giraffidae is recorded from the Lower Siwalik, Punjab, Pakistan. The specimens are assigned to two genera, Giraffokeryx and Giraffa. The new material comprises isolated teeth, maxilla, and mandible fragments. The material was recovered from Lower Siwalik localities, Chabbar Sayadan...

Porang is known as an alternative food source. The main obstacle for porang production is the long harvest period with growth time needed ranging between 4-5 months and 7-8 months of dormancy. The application of plant growth regulators (PGR) such as CPPU and GA3 could be used to break porang’s dormancy....

Mortality and morbidity of Cardio-vascular diseases (CVDs) have been the major issue in the group of non-communicable diseases worldwide. However, the existing antithrombotic drugs to combat CVD still have many shortcomings in terms of price and safety. Bacillus sp. HSFI-12 had been previously reported...

Natural ingredient produced by plants are widely used for therapeutic treatment, because they are believed to have fewer side effects and are cheaper than synthetic drugs. Plants used as treatment media contain natural secondary metabolites compounds derived from primary and secondary metabolism. Primary...

The productivity of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) in Indonesia from 2017 until 2021 is estimated to have average production growth minus 11,82% per year and cannot meet the domestic need of the peanut. According to that statistic, Indonesia is the world’s second largest importer of peanuts. Looking for...

Mistletoe is a parasitic plant that is well known for causing significant damage to forestry plants; nevertheless, its value in traditional medicine has yet to be proven. This study aims to investigate terpenoid and flavonoid compounds of Macrosolen cochinchinensis (Lour.) Tiegh, Scurrula atropurpurea...

CVD (cardiovascular disease) is a group of non-communicable diseases and a global cause of cardiovascular death. The search for gents inhibiting blood clot formation (thrombus) and enhancing antithrombotic activity are important for the prevention and treatment of CVD. Previous study reported that bacteria...

Thrombosis is a cardiovascular disorder due to the formation of a blood clot (thrombus), which can cause a blockage in a blood vessel. Such abnormality is responsible for more than millions of deaths per year in the world. In addition to cardiovascular disease, thrombosis can also occur in patients with...

Bacterial proteases with antithrombotic activities can be used to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD), one of the leading causes of death in the world. Indonesia is known for its high marine biodiversity, including its brown seaweed varieties and their symbiotic bacteria. The high biodiversity of proteolytic...

Coronaviruses have long been a severe issue due to their capacity to mutate and infect the respiratory tract. Dendrobium orchids are the most diverse orchid species in Indonesia. Polysaccharides, bibenzyl, phenanthrene, coumarin, sesquiterpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids were among the phytochemical...

The Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygameus wurmbii) is a Critically Endangered large Asian primate. Reintroduction had been implemented to recover their population in the wild. The research was conducted in February-April 2021 at Lamandau Wildlife Sanctuary, aimed to identify behavior differences at the feeding...

The use of plant-based feed ingredients in aquaculture is expected to reduce feed costs. However, plant ingredients generally have a low protein content and are difficult to be digested by monogastric animals. The fermentation process is proven to increase the digestibility and nutritional value of plant...

Alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) has been introduced to many places outside its native range. The fish is considered as an invasive alien species that needs to be eradicated upon encounter in Indonesia due to its aggressive behavior. Despite existing regulations in Indonesia, the fish is still bred...

This study was carried out to compare the diversity of Nepenthaceae, Orchidaceae, and Zingiberaceae families in central Johor. The chosen locations are the Belumut Forest-Eco Park, Mo’akil Permanent Forest Reserve, and Soga-Perdana Permanent Forest Reserve, which have forest types categorized as, undisturbed...

Menopausal condition with low estrogen level caused vaginal atrophy that it is a condition where vaginal lining become dryer and thinner and it would be easier to get inflammation. So, it was important to find out the treatment to inhibit it. This research was aimed to determine the effects of Graptophyllum...

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) from Staphylococcus aureus could be considered as a therapeutic agent to eliminate cancer cells. SEB can activate immune response, which furthermore could induce apoptosis of various cancer cells. This study was proposed to design a SEBsyn coding sequence suitable for...

Antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria has become a problem in the medical community. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have become one method of combating antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The antibacterial activity of Synthesized Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) from sigma 774103-5G against various...

Backcross is a cross between an offspring and its parents, or an individual that is genetically similar to its parents, to minimize the genetic variation of the resulting offspring. A female Pelung cross with a male F3 Golden Kamper is a type of backcross. Golden Kamper chicken is a breed of chicken...

Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica L.) is an annual rhizomatous grass and traditionally well known for its therapeutic values, especially in treating fever, muscle soreness, nosebleed and respiratory asphyxia. It has been reported to contain different classes of secondary metabolites and attracted scientists’...

The cat’s digestive tract is one of the vital systems that often facing the deadly diseases. This study aims to identify digestive system disorders/diseases in cats. A total of 100 cats of various breeds and ages with one or more symptoms of digestive disorders was used in this study. All cats were physically...

Menopause presents menstrual cessation that occurs physiologically and is associated with osteoporosis and periodontitis. Osteoporosis and periodontitis are silent diseases that present clinically in the late stage, which alveolar bone resorption causing tooth loss represents both of these disorders....

One of the most important crop commodities in Indonesia is peanut. Ipeanutse peanut production can be done in various ways, including plant breeding, and improving land quality through organic fertilization. The effect of the use of biofertilizer combined with sludge on crop productivity of peanuts,...

High conservation value (HCV) helps stakeholders conduct sustainable forest management by considering social and environmental aspects. It requires a high level of protection to ensure the high conservation value of an area persists in the long term. Mount Ungaran is one of the essential areas in Central...

Polyphagous lepidopterans like Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and S. litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are well-known economic importance insect pests that defoliate a variety of economically important crops. Currently, the most widely used control for both is the use of insecticides. Applying large amounts...

Red spinach (Alternanthera amoena Voss.) is a plant with high nutritional value and contains anthocyanin compounds that act as antioxidant compounds to prevent the formation of free radicals in the body, besides that anthocyanin can also treat anemia. The increase in demand for red spinach in the market...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often encountered in the field of hepatology. The disease has a broad spectrum ranging from non-inflammatory fat-accumulating macrovesicles (simple steatosis) and develops to fibrous and cirrhosis. The rate of NAFLD is 15-30% in western countries and around...

Indonesia is well known for its high freshwater fish diversity. Wader pari (Rasbora lateristriata) is one of the endemic fish, which is very popular, but experienced massive exploitation in wild, due to high market demand. High demand and high economic value of this fish in the market induced a massive...

Aerides odorata is a species that belongs to the Orchidaceae family and lives as epiphytic orchids. This orchid is distributed across Southeast Asia, India, and China. This orchid occupies one type of habitat. Morphological characters of flowers in this species vary, depending on the habitat occupied....

Indonesian native fish “Wader pari” (Rasbora lateristriata) from Purworejo is one of the fish has high economic value, which is related to the community enthusiasts and high requests for the fish stock. The demand for fish availability and supply is increasing drastically, which caused fish population...

Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Bl. is an orchid that is included in the list of endangered plant species. The Fusarium wilt disease on P. amabilivirala vital disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum, which of one constraint and up to now days is not well yet managed. Disease control that does not cause negative...

“Antibiotics golden era” can end when resistant strains spread immensely. To find new anti-infective agents, we examined sea cucumber associated bacteria isolated from the intestinal part of the echinoderm Holothuria leucospilota. Partial identification using 16S rRNA gene Sanger sequencing revealed...

Indigosol dye batik effluent is toxic since it excesses contain decreasing agent sodium hydrosulfite that is oxidized to alkali and alkaline earth metal sulfate (SO42-), sulfite (SO32-), and thiosulfate (S2O32-) that very corrosive. Therefore, the role of environmental biotechnology in the technology...

Indonesian traditional medicine has been widely used in the urban community to treat several symptoms and prevent diseases before accessing the hospital for professional help. Information is critical in modern culture, since it aids in the development of people’s health knowledge. The purpose of this...

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) have been cultivated intensively in Indonesia for a long time. These horticultural crops have high potential and economic value. However, the domestic production itself is not able to meet national demands. Continuous use of chemical agents will negatively impact the...

Eco-enzyme (EE) production is an alternative for reducing organic waste such as fruit peels and vegetables. EE is widely used as natural organic fertilizer, purification of contaminated groundwater, pesticides, herbicides, and natural insecticides. EE is made through a fermentation process for 3 months...

Balinese have traditionally preserved plants for the ethnobotany used hereditary, such as the utilization of plants for traditional medicine and Hindu ceremonies. Most of the Tabanan people are still live in the villages traditionally. They have used plants for the traditional purpose for hundreds of...

This study was aimed to assess the diversity and estimate the above-ground biomass (AGB) of the shade tree in several coffee-based agroforestries in Banyuwangi, East Java. The data was collected from three villages, i.e. Gombengsari, Papring, and Kopendukuh. Vegetation analysis and biomass measurement...

The southern slopes of Mount Slamet are the upstream areas of many rivers, which become the breeding habitat of Anuran. Anuran tadpole species richness can indicate the diversity of Anuran in the area and should be considered as important as the adult Anuran species richness. Moreover, the sampling of...

The success of conservation and management of endangered species is highly dependent on the manager’s understanding on the biology and ecology of the target species. However, most wildlife management and conservation activities in developing countries are not based on scientific data, but more on the...

Pneumonia is a lung infection that can be caused by bacteria, including Streptococcus sp. Identification of the cause of pneumonia in cats is very necessary so that diagnosis and therapy will be more precise. This study reports on the diagnosis and therapy of streptococcal pneumonia on a cat. A 10-month-old...

The availability of PCR reagents is an obstacle that still needs to be resolved in the early days of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. During the early days of the pandemics, identical PCR reagents supply in the laboratory could not be guaranteed. The laboratory needs to investigate the reliability of the different...

Liquid smokes result from the process of pyrolysis of biomass as a raw material which generally contains high content of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The phenolic compounds, acid compounds, and carbonyl compounds are the main components in liquid smoke and show antioxidant activity. One of the...