The high use of ototoxic drugs, especially antibiotics such as aminoglycosides and anticancer drugs such as cisplatin still can not be avoided as a therapeutic option. The use of ototoxic drugs can cause damage to the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals leading to hearing loss and balance disorders....

Unhealthy sexual behavior among the teenagers, especially in those who are still single, tends to be increasing. Self-concept has influence on the behavior of the teenagers in which the teenagers will behave in accordance with the self-concept they own. The factor that can influence the forming of the...

Life expectancy of women is higher compared to men, this affects the number of elderly women more than men. However, if the number of elderly women are not qualified, it will be burden for development. In order to maximize the role of service to elderly, it is needed to know first the needs of elderly...

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is one of the world's concern with high morbidity and mortality which is marked by low bone density which makes the bone fragile and increases the risk of fracture. It had be known that estrogen plays a role in women's bone health, that is to maintain the activity of osteoblasts...

Breast cancer incidence rates tend to increase in Indonesia and worldwide. Chemotherapy is an important breast cancer treatment which improve survival rate but also has many side effects. Leukocytopenia is one of the most common side effects that can be life-threatening due to opportunistic infection....

Phyllodes tumor is a group of tumors with spesific histopathologic features. The characteristic feature is a double layered epithelial component arranged in clefts surrounded by an overgrowing hypercellular mesenchymal components typically organized in leaf-like structures. Adjunctions subclassifications...

Population structure in Deli Serdang District showed that the productive age (15-64 years) was greater than non-productive age (children and elderly). This condition is called demographic bonus, which is predicted will occur in 2020. The state of this demographic bonus will be very advantageous to be...

Reproductive health is still considered part of the nature of women. The goal of the study was to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographics and male involvement. We conducted a population based cross sectional study in rural district of Nangtang Cigalontang Tasikmalaya. The study included 96...

More than two billion people worldwide infected with the worm. Several studies in Indonesia found 15-50% helminthes prevalence. Personal hygiene is one factor to helminthes disease and people in disposal waste area is high risk to infected especially primary student due to more active contact to the...

Body mass index (BMI) is an approximate measure of your total body fat. Being underweight or overweight can cause health problems, especially if you are also inactive. These problems include heart disease and cardiovascular problems, diabetes, digestive problems, breathing problems and other problems....

Vitamin D is known to enhance the immune response to mycobacteria. Approximately one million people worldwide are estimated to have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Clinical symptoms of pulmonary TB patients affected by the immune response to mycobacteria and are not directly influenced by vitamin...

Hypertension is a condition in which the blood vessels increase in systolic blood pressure 140 mmHg and / or diastolic 90 mmHg. Hypertension is known as the silent killer, because it has no obvious signs or symptoms. This thesis aims to describe the general characteristics of sex, nutritional intake...

Growth disorders in children under five can occur since the age of 6 months. one of the strategies to tackle the problem is through complementary feeding. Ripe awak bananas has been used as baby food since long time ago, so it's worth developed into complementary feeding. The purpose of study was to...

stunting, anemia, breastfeeding, infant.

Chronic energy malnutrition (CEM) and anemia in pregnancy may affect the weight of babies born will have an impact on the quality of human resources. Anemia in pregnant women potentially endanger the mother and child and to this day it happened is still high in Indonesia, because that CEM and anemia...

Breastfeeding protects mothers from osteoporosis. Osteoporosis, the thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over timeThe women that did not breastfeed has four times greater risk of osteoporosis and often got hip fracture in years after menopause than women who are breastfeeding. After breastfeeding,...

Epidemiological studies suggest several genes from the vitamin D receptor have been implicated in obesity and cardiovascular disease. However, the findings were inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate TaqI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are associated with anthropometric...

Malnutrition in children under five years remains a serious public health problem. Medan city as the capital of the province of North Sumatera has the highest case of severe malnutrition compared to 32 districts/cities. Whereas the Medan City Health Office has made efforts maximally to reduce the number...

The problem of food's insecurity is multidimensional so that the solution's approach cannot depend on one side improvement. One of the ways to handle food's insecurity and knowing the food's security rate and vulnerability in a region is by arrangement of Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA)....

Hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Obesity often has a correlation with hypertriglyceridemia. Neck circumference (NC) is an anthropometric method of measuring upper body obesity. It is easy to use , innovative and time-saving. The aim of this study...

Nowdays, school is one of the environmental factors that affect the nutritional status of the student. The School Health Unit (UKS) and cafeteria as the school facilities, and extracurricular activities play an important role in achieving success in monitoring nutrition. The purpose of this study is...

Vitamin D has a complex action on the immune system, among other cathelicidin production stimulator which enhances phagocytosis magrofag. TB is an infectious disease which causes high mortality and morbidity in the world. Vitamin D will give the effect when it binds to its receptor (VDR). Variants VDR...

This research is in farm manufacturing. The manufacturing is less aspect health and occupational safety (K3) for each worker, especially in the boiler workers. Element works at the boiler station the disposal of burning done manually and repeatedly. Activity manual work done this repeating if done in...

In 2015 Social Security Agency Employment (BPJS) reported that in the first semester reached 50.089 cases of occupational accidents. The work accident can be avoided by knowing and recognizing the potential hazard and risk of work environment the act of controlling can be implemented. The purpose of...

Primary health care (PHC) in Padang, Indonesia has a significant barrier to assessing risk reduction strategy, due to difficulties in identifying medical errors and adverse events. It is thought that patient safety initiatives can be framed within a public health model of prevention, but the initiative...

One of the factors that causes of accidents due to the working risk on any production or business activities as well as Higher Education institutions is the human factor that more likely caused by the knowledge, attitudes and actions (behavior) of bad workers. There is still none data related to the...

Accident mainly caused by two factors that is, unsafe action and unsafe condition (Suma'mur:1981). Unsafe action was an act of unsafe done by operator while unsafe condition is the influence of a work environment where having two potentials to causing danger (hazard). Work accident occurred in X Company...

Pesticide using was a problem concern specialized in safety and health aspect. Missing at work method and not in procedure could increasing of health problem specialize to occupational accident and occupational disease. The purpose of this research was to know the health impact of pesticide from pesticide...

PTPN IV Kebun Bah Jambi is a company that does cultivation and processing of palm fruits. According to PTPN IV Kebun Bah Jambi's report of work accidents, occurred 15 cases of work accidents during the period January 2013-December 2015, that the highest number of accidents occurred in 2015. The most...

Traditional medicine is the treatment by means of drugs and treatment which refers to the experience and skills from generation to generation and it is applied in accordance with the norms prevailing in society. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of people's knowledge and attitudes...

immunization is an attempt to confer immunity in infants and children by incorporating the vaccine into the body so that the body makes antibodies body prevent certain diseases. Immunization coverage in 2014 as much (89.78%) decreased compared to previous years, this was due to their socio-cultural factors...

Poskesdes (Rural Health Post) is a Community-Based Health Effort established to optimalize the potentials existing in the community to improve the health status and the utilization of health services. This quantitative study was to analyze utilization of rural health post by the knowledge and attitude...

Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) is an instrument constructed by Peter Hills and Argyle to measure happiness. OHQ is considered a good instrument, has been translated into several languages and has been used widely in several countries for researchs. The objective of this study is to examine the...

The high prevalence of HIV-AIDS in Medan North Sumatra as many as 3,780 cases and there has been a decrease in condom use (86%) to (51.5%) in 2011. In order to determine the cause of the condition it needs to be known description of female sex workers (FWS) behavior in offering condom for customers during...

Study showed that 95% women had serum level of 25(OH)D lower than normal and women have riskier lifestyle than men, this is based on women's lifestyle, such as avoiding sun rays, sunblock application, low vitamin D intake, and low physical activity. As result of the deficiency, there will be increasing...

Health promotion is a health program designed to make improvement such as a change in behavior in society, an organization or the environment, either physical, non-physical, socio-cultural, economical, political environment or others. PHBS (Clean and Healthy Lyfestyle Behavior) is the implementation...

Maternal health still become problem in Indonesia. Indonesia Health Demographic Survey found that postpartum visit in South Sumatera about 78%, exclusive breastfeeding 38%, and Early Latch on 29 %, all of them are under national average. Lack of knowledge and mother's attitude about maternal health associated...

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease which if not controlled can cause complications. One of the complications of type 2 diabetes is often the case of diabetic foot ulcers even amputation. The first step is prevention in saving the diabetic foot is by foot care. In addition, there should be early screening...

Diabetes has become the fastest growing chronic disease in the world. Therefore, in order to manage it, behavioral changes in lifestyle including physical activity, dietary, monitoring of blood glucose levels (BGL), and obedience to treatment are needed. A good self care (self-management) of patients...

Purpose. Patients with chronic kidney failure who undergo hemodialysis therapy experience changes in all aspects of their lives, particularly in the limitation of fluid in order to be able to adapt so that they can improve their life qualities. Methods. This study aims to identify and explain the relationship...

This research examines the relationship between the practice of suluk and psychological well-being among the saliks practicing suluk at Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah and among those who are non-saliks. This research uses method of quantitative method. The subjects of the study are the Muslim population in the...

One of the consequences of climate change is the increasing number of infectious diseases. Infectious diseases can actually be inhibited with a clean and healthy living behavior. This is proven by there is no indication of increaseing infectious diseases in developed countries where the implementation...

The purpose of this research is to analyze the health center services, analyze the potential benefits of health centers, making recommendations based service development and potential community health centers.This research uses descriptive analytic method with cross sectional approach. The results showed...

Road accident tends to rise, resulting in enormous loss of lives and assets. According to statistics of deaths from road accident from The World Health Organization found that Thailand mortality rate was 38.1 deaths per 100,000 populations and 3rd in the world ranking. The purpose of this report was...

Performance measurement is an important issue. This reminds that healthcare industry characteristic is unique rather than others. Health care with its all activities is a "high risk" industry. Performance measurement is the centre of quality improvement. From this, many factors or reasons related to...

In Indonesia, exclusive breastfeeding is a baby's right guaranteed and legal position by enactment No. 36 about health, particularly in subsection 128 paragraph (1) which states that each baby is entitled to exclusive breastfeeding from birth to six (6) months, unless medically indicated. But in reality,...

The climate change in Indonesia has affected the fishing activity of fisheries in Indonesia, because the activity of fisheries is strongly influenced by climate change. The change in climate in Indonesia led to changes within the pattern of wind speed, current speed, precipitation, sea-surface temperature...

Based on the fact, that the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) Tasikmalaya have similar problems with other Red Cross branches, especially in the Blood Donor Unit. The problem is still using manual processing and the lack of data integration between the PMI to the Hospital Blood Bank (BDRs) so that one of the...

The spread of the disease in the region need to be known quickly in order to overcome as soon as possible, so it doesn't become a widespread epidemic. Many researcher of epidemiology in Indonesia collect primary data using interview method face-to-face. This method can take its advantage of social cues...

According to Ministry of Internal Affairs Regulation [1], there are two sets of performance measurements data which apply to public hospitals as Local General Services Bodies (Badan Layanan Umum Daerah/BLUD): financial data and non-financial data on performance measurements. As public hospitals, public...

Lead can insert into the body through the human digestive tract with food and drinks as well as through the respiratory tract into the lungs and blood vessels. Paddle rickshaw puller, motorized rickshaw pullers, traffic control officers, hawkers and street vendors located in major cities in Indonesia...

Worldwide, helminths infections are by far the leading cause of infection associated-eosinophilia and probably of eosinophilia of all causes. Due to behavioral aspects, partial immunity and other factors, prevalence rates and infection intensity are usually highest in children. Consequently, eosinophilia...

Artisanal gold mining activities in developing countries are still in concern with environmental and health issues regarding the impact which results from the activities. Amalgamation technique using mercury was commonly applied in extracting gold from the ore. During the process, mercury releases into...

Indonesia sanitation problem is claimed as the second worst in the world, although Community Total Led Sanitation (CLTS) program has been implementated since 2008. Once of CLTS activity is hand washing with soap. Data from Community Health Development Index (2010) show that hand washing practice is still...

Healthy and safety workplace was studied in one of national crude palm oil plant that located at North Sumatera. There are existed problems such as many flakes of palm oil aorund the dolly, spilled a fresh fruit bunches around the loading ramp, slippery area around tipler and rel track caused by mixing...

Modify the child oriented hospital environments can increase the fun, feeling safe and comfortable environment for the child so that the child is always evolving and feel comfortable in their environment. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of modifyng child oriented hospital environments...

Lead poisoning is one of the environmental problems around the world affecting human health. Children are at the greatest risk because lead is more easily absorbed by their growing bodies, and because their tissues are especially sensitive to damage. Even blood lead levels as low as 5 æg/dL can irreversibly...

Leachate collection tub on environmentally protective facility of Ganet lanfills is leak. It causing leachate seepage and contaminating around of fishpond in Ganet landfills with heavy metals such as Pb, Cu, and Zn. This heavy metals acumulation will causing health problems for aquatic biota. This study...

Efforts of controlling malaria have been carried out around the world. All these efforts are aimed to break the chain of transmission of malaria disease. Fluctuations of malaria incident are influenced by many risk factors which are generally different in each region. One of the influenced risk factors...

The Observation of heavy metals in sediments and gongong snails in the Coastal of Senggarang in Tanjungpinang city has been conducted in May-June 2016. The red mud pool located on Senggarang is a pool containing liquid waste excavation of bauxite mine predicted containing any heavy metals such as lead....

Health quality of the coastal environment is very critical due to sea water pollution by industrial waste, ports, marine transportation, domestic waste and community activities. Sea water pollution will have an impact on the environment, especially community water resources. Pollutants such as heavy...

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease and has been endemic to many areas in Indonesia. Its cases have increased rapidly every year. This research focused on the family empowerment to prevent DHF. It was a qualitative-exploratory research by doing in-depth interviews, observation and...

Based on data from Health Department of Pematangsiantar, its House Index (HI) was 65.7% This condition requires attention for the Aedes aegypti mosquito control with the use of egg traps (ovitrap). The ovitrap can be modified by adding abate or natural products such as chili as attractant. The research...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health problem with global challenges. Several risk factors play role in the incidence of TB transmission in same house contact TB patient. In East Aceh Regency, pulmonary TB cases increased from 210 (36.4%) cases in 2010 to 236 (40.9%) cases in 2011. Aim of the study is...

Myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) form a range of clonal haematological malignant diseases, the main members of which are Polycythaemia Vera (PV), Essential Thrombocythaemia (ET), and Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF). The molecular pathogenesis of these disorders is unknown, but gene JAK2, which encodes...

Many factors are responsible for high incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Moreover, the existence of Aedes mosquitoes plays a role in DHF transmission and larval indices was used as indicators to monitor Aedes populations. The present study determined the influence of socio-cultural, environmental...

Smoking and hypertension have an important role in mechanism of stroke, both of it also act as major risk factor of stroke. The purpose of this study was to know the relation between smoking and hypertension in patients with stroke. This study is a cross sectional study, the sample was taken consecutively....

Dengue outbreak occurs in Indonesia, including Medan. We selected socio-demographic profile of the community, its behavior and environment in order to see dengue dynamic within the same location. Medan Baru represents the highest reported case, and Medan Area, for the lowest reported case. A total of...

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness that requires long treatment. Caring for schizophrenia in a long period caused a burden for caregivers who took care of a patients at home. Psychoeducational intervention may improve caregivers' outcomes. It was designed to help caregivers reduce their burden...

Background: Less than 25% of asthmatic children are well controlled. Little is known about how parental socioeconomic status affects the level of control of their children suffering Asthma. This may contribute to the successfulness of universal coverage. Objective: To determine the relationship of socioeconomic...

Obesity, an excessive accumulation of fat in the body tissues, can occur throughout the body or in a certain part of the body, such as in the abdominal area known as central/abdominal obesity. Fat distribution in the body can be measured by using anthropometry conducted by measuring Body Mass Index (BMI),...

In Tanjungpinang, the incidence of pulmonary TB is still quite high. In 2011 as many 2,536 as suspected pulmonary TB positive cases examined and 216 as patients. In 2012 have been examined as many as 2,065 patients with chronic cough sputum specimens. The total positive from smear positive bacteria is...

Intestinal parasitic infections are globally endemic in the world. In Indonesia, intestinal parasitic infections particularly helminthes is one of the public health problems. It can cause malnutrition and anemia so can be disturbing growth and development children. Intestinal parasitic infections with...

Fibrosis is hallmark histologic event of chronic liver disease. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis and assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis. However, its invasive procedure and can have complication, not suitable for continous observation of liver fibrosis.The...

The highest Incidence Rate of DHF at East Java Province in 2008 was Trenggalek District (123.69/100.000 population). During 2008, DHF has infected all areas of public health services center, tendency of increase in the number of endemic villages and sporadic from year to year and decrease in the number...

There are persistent rumors in Indonesia, including Aceh people that the consumption of goat milk can effect to increases blood pressure (BP) and cause of hypertension, but there is no scientific evidence to support this. This research was conducted to analysis the effect of dietary goat milk on blood...

In Tanjungpinang city, the incidence of pulmonary TB is still quite high. In 2011 as many as 2,536 suspected pulmonary TB smear positive cases examined and that as many as 216 patients. The year 2012 has been examined as many as 2,065 patients with chronic cough sputum specimens. The total positive for...

Effective HAART reduces blood viral load. This study aims to determine factors which could predict the time to achieve viral load (VL) less than 50 copies/ml in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). A bidirectional cohort study was conducted in 2007, with records of patients investigated...

Intestinal protozoa infections are still a major health concern in tropical countries and considered one of neglected tropical infections. Giardia lamblia as one of the human protozoa can cause significant morbidity. It is associated with lack of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation, such as...