All of the articles in this proceedings volume have been presented at the 19th PERHATI KL National Congress during 27-29 October 2022 in Indonesia. These articles have been peer reviewed by the members of the 19th PERHATI KL National Congress and approved by the Editor-in-Chief, who affirms that this...

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a clinically defined disorder of the nose characterized by symptoms triggered by allergen exposure, leading to an IgE-mediated inflammation. It is a global health problem affecting up to 50% of the world's population, with symptoms extending beyond nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea,...

Introduction Head and neck cancer is the 8th with the highest mortality rate and a low 5-year survival rate of 40-50%. In patients who experience recurrence or metastases, especially in nasopharyngeal cancer and are HPV-positive, first-line immunotherapy can be performed through immune...

SCCHN is a group of neoplasms that develop in the epithelium of the upper gastrointestinal and airway, and it is a diverse disease. Approximately 65,000 individuals were estimated to be affected by SCCHN in the US in 2019, while a significant number of new cancer diagnoses in the oral cavity, pharynx,...

Objective Ingesting foreign objects can happen accidentally or on intentionally. Accidental foreign body (FB) ingestion happens in adults, most frequently in elderly edentulous, subjects with mental health disorders, or subjects who are intoxicated. Pediatric patients are the most frequently...

Foreign bodies in the ears, nose, and throat are one of the most common cases in the otolaryngology emergency unit in a hospital. Delays in treatment can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the characteristics of patients with foreign bodies in the ears, nose, and...

Background: Otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery (ORL-HNS) can cause symptoms similar to COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many ENT-HNS patients were reluctant to take ENT-HNS-related complaints to the hospital due to negative stigma, advice to stay at home, and fear of misinformation about...

Introduction Hearing disorder is one of the most common disorder in children causing negative effect in their development. This might be caused by several factors including prematurity, low birth weight, asphyxia, hyperbilirubinemia, and medication. Therefore, children with known risk...

Background Previous study reported that facial fracture sequelae can affect patient’s quality of life. The treatment of maxillofacial fracture ranges from conservative treatment to surgery. The aim of our study is to assess the outcome in patients treated for maxillofacial fractures,...

Background Microtia is a congenital disorder in which the ears are smaller than normal. The incidence of microtia varies from every 1200 births, up to 5000-7000 births, unfortunately the number in Indonesia is not known because there is no collection of data specifically on microtia....

Introduction Facial bone fracture is one of the causes of patient visits to the emergency department. The epidemiology of facial bone fractures differs not only between populations but also has continued to change over the last few decades. Data collection in term length regarding the...

Introduction Benign vascular tumors known as hemangiomas are frequently observed in the head and neck area. Hemangiomas are more common in infantile and can regress spontaneously. In adults, laryngeal hemangioma is extremely rare. They may occur in supraglottic and glottic regions that...

Background Emergency tracheostomy is surgical procedure which is increasingly being performed. Tracheostomy is surgical opening in trachea which creating opening in anterior tracheal wall and converting it into stoma. Emergency tracheostomy is indicated when an upper airway obstruction...

Subcutaneous emphysema is a condition characterized by the presence of air within the tissues beneath the skin, particularly in the chest wall, neck, and other areas of the body. It can occur due to various reasons, including surgical procedures, traumatic injuries to the thoracic cavity, neck, and sinus...

Introduction Congenital valvular cysts are rare and can present with acute airway obstruction with wheezing as a chief complaint in neonates and young children. In absent of early detection and appropriate treatment, airway obstruction can cause severe morbidity and mortality. Symptoms...

Background Hoarseness is a symptom that is often found in the ORL-HNS polyclinic. The incidence rate of hoarseness in the world is 1.16% and the annual prevalence is 33.3%. Purpose: This study aims to determine the characteristics of patients with hoarseness in Hasan Sadikin Hospital...

Introduction The most frequent treatment carried out by ORL-HNS is a tonsillectomy, which has a risk of a lengthy recovery period owing to bleeding. Numerous colleagues have utilized LigaSure to facilitate surgery. We want to talk about our experiences using this equipment during tonsillectomy...

A persistent buildup of fluid in the subepithelial layer of the genuine vocal cord mucosa is known as Reinke’s edema . Minimal intervention and superficial excision with edema evacuation and preservation of the medial margin of the vocal fold to enhance voice quality are the two key therapeutic tenets...

Background Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a disease caused by the backflow of stomach contents into the laryngopharynx. In 2018, 20-30% of patients with laryngeal complaints were diagnosed with LPR in Indonesia. Aims: To determine the prevalence of LPR cases at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General...

COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Roughly 15-30% of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 suffer from severe symptoms, such as ARDS, which requires intensive care and breathing assistance via intubation, mechanical ventilation, and tracheostomy. The objective of this study is to examine...

Background: A viral, bacterial, or fungal infection may cause tonsillitis, which is an inflammation of the palatine tonsils. The McIsaac modified Centor score, which differs from the original Centor score in that it only applied to patients who were at least 15 years old, is a tool for predicting tonsillitis...

Background: Referring to the risk factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in adults, especially found on the staff of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital are hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. Recognizing risk factors for OSA is very important so that OSA management can be comprehensive with improvement...

Introduction Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that involves placing a tube through a skin incision above the trachea, allowing for direct access to the airway. It is commonly performed in intensive care units for indications such as airway obstruction, air safety during ventilation, and patient comfort...

Background: Procedure tracheostomy may be performed quickly, but it can also be challenging in patients with burns, acute sickness, post-head traumas, juvenile patients, obesity, short necks, and masses in the neck that impede access to the trachea. The potential of difficulties after a tracheostomy...

BACKGROUND: The neck abscess is influenced many factors such as age, sex, socioeconomic, neck space, origin infection, and comorbid. OBJECTIVE: To determine the overview of factor that successfully affect treatment of the deep neck abscess in the period January 2015 to December 2019 at ENT Head and Neck...

Introduction: In the ORL-HNS, acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss (ALHL) is an emergency that needs to be treated right away. The hearing loss in ALHL is restricted to low-tone frequencies, and it has a superior prognosis compared to idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). The administration...

Background: Enlarge Vestibular Aqueducts (EVA) is a vestibular aqueduct dilation bigger than 1 mm which can cause progressive hearing loss. EVA diagnosis regards clinical features, audiological examination, CT Scan and/or MRI. Objectives: Describing the knowledge about clinical features, audiological...

Introduction: Children’s hearing problem will influence development, especially speech and language. Early detection is essential, but Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) reference for Indonesian hasn’t been present yet. Objective: to determine absolute wave latency of ABR in children Methods: A retrospective...

Background: Hearing loss is often not addressed by the patient. Patients underwent pure tone audiometry test before the Intra-arterial Heparin Flushing (IAHF) procedure, and some patients had hearing loss. Objective: The purpose of this study is to find out how patients describe their hearing...

Introduction: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, with vaccination as a preventive measures. Hearing loss is a side effect of the COVID-19 vaccination. Purpose: to understand side effects of the COVID-19 vaccination on hearing loss. Literature Review: Post-vaccination hearing...

Background: Hearing impairment can interfere with a patient's quality of life, especially children. Early diagnosis of hearing impairment is critical. Currently, OAE and BERA are the standard test for hearing impairment screening, but these tests are costly and require experienced professionals...

Background: Tympanoplasty is a middle ear reconstructive surgical procedure as one of the management in tympanic membrane perforations. Over time, more hearing improvements are seen with tympanoplasty, with the highest threshold improvement ranging from 1-5 dB. Objective: To determine the hearing threshold...

Background: When a person has a hearing threshold of more than 25 dB at frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, they are said to have hearing loss, which can affect one or both ears and affect them in mild or severe degrees. Objective: Observing the traits of children who have hearing...

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is Indonesia’s most common type of head and neck malignancy. NPC presents non-specific signs and symptoms, which lead to late or missed diagnoses. Early detection and prevention are important based on the NPC profile. Objective: This study aims to reveal NPC’s...

Background: Branchial cleft cyst is a benign lesion of the neck caused by altered development of branchial apparatus. It is one of the most common congenital lesions of the neck, usually diagnosed before adulthood. The cyst can increase in size and cause asymmetry of the neck. Purpose: To provide information...

Background: Sinonasal carcinoma is a malignant tumor found in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Symptoms and signs that are caused a rarely found in the early stages which make the diagnosis delay it reaches an advanced stage. Lymph nodes regional metastases in sinonasal carcinoma are rare, but...

Introduction: An uncommon benign tumor of the head and neck, known as juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, is more common in male adolescents. It is an aggressive, malignant tumor. Aim: to learn the characteristics of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar’s...

Introduction: Thyroid gland malignancy is the fifth most common endocrine malignancy in women, which is classified into differentiated and undifferentiated carcinoma. Risk factors of thyroid gland malignancy consist of individual, family history and exposure to irradiation. Purpose: to discuss risk factors...

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a cancer that occurs in the nasopharyngeal area and has a unique epidemiology with varying incidence rates around the world. The epidemiological characteristics of NPC show the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Purpose: The purpose of this...

Introduction: Head and neck malignancy is reported to be increasing in countries and have a much higher pain perception. The pain prevalence in head and neck malignancy patients is approximately 70% and is often reported to be inadequately treated. Objective: identify predictor factors to determine patients...

Introduction: Globally, the incidence and prevalence of laryngeal carcinoma vary significantly, and the disease is more common in men and typically affects those over 65 years old. It is therefore essential to raise awareness of the risk factors and symptoms of this disease, as well as the importance...

Introduction: 40% of patients with SCC have regional dissemination at diagnosis. In patients with lymph node metastases, survival rates decrease by 50% in all SCCs. Purpose: to discuss the classification and procedure of neck dissection. Literature Review: One of the prognostic determinants of head and...

Background Laryngeal cancer is a malignancy that occurs in the larynx and arises from larynx squamous epithelial tissue. Treatment can be done with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and laryngectomy to control the disease. Objective ...

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an undifferentiated form of squamous cell carcinoma arising from the epithelium of the nasopharynx and is the most common head and neck cancer in Southeast Asia. Inflammation has been shown to have a significant influence on tumor growth in humans. Platelet...

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a challenging cancer due to its tendency for local recurrence and distant metastasis, with bone metastasis being the most common site of metastases. This review explores the etiological role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in NPC tumorigenesis and discusses the...

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) rank as the sixth most prevalent cancer globally. Despite advancements in combined therapies, the overall survival rate after five years remains approximately 40% to 50%. The burden of HNSCC varied by region and related with exposure to tobacco-deriived...

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare squamous cell carcinoma with a global incidence rate of less than 1 per 100,000 individuals per year, predominantly found in Asia, particularly China, India, Vietnam, and Malaysia. In Indonesia, NPC ranks fourth among tumors, with 15,000 new cases annually, imposing...

Background: Congenital cholesteatoma is a mass behind an intact tympanic membrane that develops from keratinizing squamous epithelium remnants in the temporal bone and has no prior perforation or history of otologic surgery. The most common symptom of congenital cholesteatoma is conductive hearing loss,...

Background: Ceruminous adenoma is a tumor originating from the external acoustic canal (EAC). It is seen for less than one percent of all external ear tumors. Tumor characteristic slow growth. This mass appears on the posterior wall of the outer 1/3 of the ear canal. Surgical management resection of...

Background: External auditory canal (EAC) carcinoma is rare and difficult to diagnosed. Only 5% of the cases that recognized as adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Therefore, the optimal management of ACC of the EAC has not been established. Treatment depends on the tumor stage as with other EAC malignancy....

Background Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media is characterized by persistent secretion from the ear that has been pierced for longer than two months. An attic or posterosuperior cholesteatoma with a history of sparse, pungent otorrhea and hearing loss is a sign of unsafe CSOM. Cholesteatoma...

Acute otitis media (AOM) is an infection of the middle ear and is the second most common pediatric diagnosis following upper respiratory infections. This article provides a review of the latest evidence on risk factors, diagnosis, management, and prevention of acute otitis media. Acute otitis media is...

Introduction: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) cholesteatoma type with deterioration of the posterior ear canal wall is treated with Canal Wall Down (CWD) mastoidectomy followed by reconstruction of the posterior ear canal wall with Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and bone cartilage. Combining PRP...

Introduction: Based on the etiology, sinonasal inverted papilloma is a multifactorial disease and with unknown of definite cause, the progression of the disease is benign but aggressive that it can destroy the surrounding area, as well as the rate of recurrence and transformation into malignancy is quite...

Rhinosinusitis refers to the inflammation of the nose and para-nasal sinuses, presenting with a combination of two or more symptoms, one of which should be either nasal congestion or nasal discharge (either anterior or posterior nasal drip), along with facial pain or diminished sense of smell, as well...

Sinonasal papilloma is a rare benign epithelial tumor. Symptoms are non-specific, namely unilateral nasal congestion, may be accompanied by rhinorrhea and a feeling of fullness in the paranasal sinuses. These tumors have three subtypes; inverted, oncocytic, exophytic. The main treatment is surgery, with...

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses for more than 12 weeks. It is important to know the CRS phenotype for understanding the CRS endotype so the management of CRS patients can be better. This study aims to determine the characteristics of CRS outpatients...

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) defined as the inflammation of the nasal lining and sinuses, presenting with persistent symptoms such as nasal congestion or a runny nose for a duration exceeding twelve weeks. The management of CRS in COVID-19 pandemic era follows the guidelines provided by...

Background Anatomical variations of the nose and paranasal sinuses are one of the contributing factors in developing Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) predisposing factor and complications during surgery complicating factors. CT Scan has an important role in diagnosing. One of the tools used...