Proceedings of the International Conference on Trade 2019 (ICOT 2019)

These conference proceedings include peer-reviewed original research papers of the 3rd International Conference on Trade (ICOT 2019) that was held on 4 September 2019, in Jakarta, Indonesia by the Trade Analysis and Development Agency (TREDA), Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia. The aim of ICOT 2019 is to provide a platform for policymakers, business players, and decision-makers from various backgrounds to present and discuss research, developments, and innovations in all fields of Trade at the international level and produce useful trade policy recommendations. This conference offered opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas with each other, to establish business or academic ties, as well as to find international partners for future collaborations.

ICOT 2019 received 128 manuscripts, and 44 submissions had been accepted by our reviewers as well the Press. These proceedings also include 4 papers from the keynote and invited speakers within the conference. All the accepted papers were submitted to strict peer-review by scientific committee from Indonesia, Australia, Singapore, and Japan. These papers are selected based on their originality, significance, and clarity to meet the purposes of the conference. The ICOT 2019 proceedings include up-to-date, comprehensive, and valuable research papers in such fields as Business Strategies on Global Value Chain (GVC) Participation, Trade Policy Response and Strategy, and Human Capital Productivity Development Strategies to seek the responses and strategies in facing the changing of global trade environment. Hopefully, all participants and other interested readers benefit scientifically from the proceedings and also find it stimulating in the process.

Lastly, I would like to take the opportunity to thank all the participants and organizers of the conference for their interest and support to ICOT 2019. I would also like to express our deep gratitude to the keynote speaker, invited speakers, scientific committee and editors for their efforts and invaluable help in this important event. Moreover, the publisher is also deeply appreciated in publishing this volume of proceedings.

Sri Nastiti Budianti
Conference Chair