Sustainable Development in Indonesia: Current Problems and Future Challenges

Keywords

natural resource depletion; environmental degradation; income source; sustainable development

Abstract

Indonesia adopted sustainable development as a paradigm of development since the beginning of 1970s. The Broad Outline of State Policy of 1973 stated that the natural resources must be utilized rationally and should consider the need of the next generation. In 1982, the government promulgated the Environmental Management Act. Since then, the government regulations and other provisions related to environment have been enacted. However, under the new order government, the natural resource depletion and environmental degradation was so massive. This was because the orientation of development more toward economic growth. The government policy was characterized by centralistic and did not incorporate local interest. During the regional autonomy started in 2001, the natural resource and environment condition became worse. Forest depletion escalates from 1.6 million hectare per year during the new order government to be 2.5 million hectare per year during the regional autonomy era. Regional autonomy leads local government to excessively exploit natural resources to generate local income. In addition, there has been a strong tendency among local government to manage their autonomy within their own administrative boundaries. The future challenges are the fact there is no change of paradigm in which natural resource has been treated as source of income. In addition, high political cost of regional and local head election suspected to stimulate issuing many mining and plantation permits for private sectors. This leads to excessively natural resource depletion and environmental degradation. To develop an environmentally sustainable development, comprehensive measures including improvement of political system are required.

Copyright

© 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press.

Open Access

This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Sudharto Prawata Hadi
PY  - 2019/11
DA  - 2019/11
TI  - Sustainable Development in Indonesia: Current Problems and Future Challenges
BT  - Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Indonesian Social & Political Enquiries (ICISPE 2018)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 85
EP  - 87
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125922574
ID  - Hadi2019/11
ER  -