Transesophageal Pacing Cardiac Induces Cardiac Arrest and Subsequent Brain Injury in Rats

DOI

10.2991/icres.k.211111.001How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Cardiac pacing; cardiac arrest; cardiopulmonary resuscitation; brain injury

Abstract

Background: Cardiac Arrest (CA) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The present study aimed to establish a simple and stable rat model of CA induced by transesophageal cardiac pacing for the investigation of cerebral resuscitation.

Materials and Methods: A total of 26 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into two groups: Sham-operated (n = 6) and experimental (n = 20) groups. High-frequency cardiac pacing (50 Hz, 2 ms and 30 V) was maintained for 3 min to induce CA. Providing CA was not achieved, an additional 2 min of pacing was performed 30 min later. After 4 min following the onset of CA, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) was initiated.

Results: CA was successfully induced in all 20 rats by this setting of high-frequency cardiac pacing. Among them, CA was induced in six rats after 2 min of pacing; the remaining 14 rats underwent CA after 3 min of pacing. When electrical stimulation was terminated the rate of Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) was 85% (17/20), the rate of Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) was 15% (3/20) and no asystole occurred. Of the 17 PEA rats, 16 were successfully resuscitated and the average duration of CPR was 106.75 ± 30.81 s. A total of three rats succumbed within 24 h, and one rat succumbed between 24 and 48 h following successful resuscitation; 12 rats survived to >72 h. In addition, three rats with VF were successfully resuscitated and the average duration of CPR was 264.33 ± 130.40 s; one rat succumbed between 24 and 48 h following successful resuscitation, and two rats survived to >72 h. The 72 h-survival rate was 74%. No notable injury the esophagus was observed in the rats. Compared with the Sham group, the neurological function of the CA group was significantly impaired (p < 0.05); cells in the hippocampal CA1 region of the CA group were significantly damaged (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The model of CA induced by transesophageal cardiac pacing in the present study is easy and replicable. Therefore, this model may be used for experimental research into cerebral resuscitation.

Copyright

© 2021 First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Publishing services by Atlantis Press International B.V.

Open Access

This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yingtao Lian
AU  - Lan Yao
AU  - Song Xu
AU  - Liping Lu
AU  - Teng Wang
AU  - Guo Hou
AU  - Yinping Li
AU  - Zhui Yu
PY  - 2021
DA  - 2021/11/24
TI  - Transesophageal Pacing Cardiac Induces Cardiac Arrest and Subsequent Brain Injury in Rats
JO  - Intensive Care Research
SP  - 37
EP  - 44
VL  - 1
IS  - 3-4
SN  - 2666-9862
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/icres.k.211111.001
DO  - 10.2991/icres.k.211111.001
ID  - Lian2021
ER  -