Global Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS: A Resurgence in North America and Europe

Authors

Romona D. Govender¹, Muhammad Jawad Hashim^{1, *,} , Moien AB Khan¹, Halla Mustafa¹, Gulfaraz Khan^2,

¹Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Tawam Hospital Campus, Al Ain 17666, UAE

²Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Tawam Hospital Campus, Al Ain 17666, UAE

^*Corresponding author. Email: jhashim@uaeu.ac.ae; physicianthinker@gmail.com

DOI

10.2991/jegh.k.210621.001How to use a DOI?

Keywords

HIV; AIDS; epidemiology; disease burden; prevalence; incidence; mortality

Abstract

We aimed to assess global trends in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and evaluate progress toward eradication since the inception of the pandemic. Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 update and the UNAIDS Data 2019. The datasets included annual figures from 1990 to 2019 for HIV/AIDS in 204 countries and all world regions. We analyzed rates and trends for prevalence, incidence, mortality and disability adjusted life years. Analysis of age and gender distribution in different regions was used to assess demographic changes. Forecasting was used to estimate disease burden up to 2040. Although many countries have witnessed a decrease in the incidence, for Russia, Ukraine, Portugal, Brazil, Spain and the United States, the rates of new cases are rising since 2010. This trend is present even in age-standardized analysis, indicating a rise in excess of population growth. Over 0.5% of the world’s population is infected. About 5000 new infections occur daily, of which 500 are children. Mortality rates are falling globally; currently at 11 deaths per 100,000 population, forecasted to decrease to 8.5 deaths by 2040. Prevalence continues to increase, with South Africa, Nigeria, Mozambique, India, Kenya and the United States having the highest burden. The total number as well as the rates of new HIV infections are rising every year in Europe, South America, North America and other regions over the last decade. Maternal-to-child transmission continues at high rates despite effective preventive regimens. There is an urgent need to develop programs to curb the rising incidence of HIV.

Copyright

© 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press International B.V.

Open Access

This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Romona D. Govender
AU  - Muhammad Jawad Hashim
AU  - Moien AB Khan
AU  - Halla Mustafa
AU  - Gulfaraz Khan
PY  - 2021
DA  - 2021/06/29
TI  - Global Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS: A Resurgence in North America and Europe
JO  - Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
SP  - 296
EP  - 301
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
SN  - 2210-6014
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.210621.001
DO  - 10.2991/jegh.k.210621.001
ID  - Govender2021
ER  -