Chemical Modifications of Torrefied Palm Kernel Shell Using COMB Method
- DOI
- 10.2991/aer.k.210603.040How to use a DOI?
- Keywords
- Counter Flow Multi-Baffle, Liquid Smoke, Palm Kernel Shell, Torrefaction
- Abstract
Torrefaction is a thermochemical process to improve the properties of biomass as a solid fuel. In addition to solid fuel, the torrefaction process also produces a by-product in the form of liquid smoke from condensation results. In this study, an analysis of lignocellulose and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) on torrefied palm kernel shells with a particle size of 0.5 cm using the COMB (Counter Flow Multi-Baffle) reactor at a temperature of 250 oC and a heat flow rate of 4 cm3/min. Liquid smoke was analyzed using GC-MS. Results showed that after torrefaction, hemicellulose decreased from 20.6% to 8.52%, cellulose 38.40% to 22.18%, and lignin from 20.75% to 18.36%. The results of lignocellulose analysis were supported by FTIR analysis showing that the torrefaction temperature of 250 oC did not change the structure of lignocelluloses but reduced the content of lignocellulose. The GC-MS analysis of liquid smoke showed that volatile organic compounds (VOC) resulted from the torrefaction process was composed of acetic acid (62.16%), alkane (24.24%), phenol (10.41%), alcoholic compounds other than phenol (1.24%) and polysaccharides (1.95%). The levels of acetic acid, aldehyde, and phenol that were dominant in the condensate imply that the lignocellulose component, which was dominantly degraded during torrefaction at 250 oC were hemicellulose, cellulose followed by lignin.
- Copyright
- © 2021, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press.
- Open Access
- This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
Cite this article
TY - CONF AU - N Rumbang AU - Karelius AU - M Dirgantara AU - K G Suastika PY - 2021 DA - 2021/06/04 TI - Chemical Modifications of Torrefied Palm Kernel Shell Using COMB Method BT - Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Biomass (ICSB 2019) PB - Atlantis Press SP - 225 EP - 229 SN - 2352-5401 UR - https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.210603.040 DO - 10.2991/aer.k.210603.040 ID - Rumbang2021 ER -