The Effect of Ventilation and Cooking Activities during Peak Hours towards Indoor CO and NO₂ in Apartments: A Multilevel Approach

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-086-2_93How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Ambient; Cooking; Air Pollution

ABSTRACT

Indoor CO and NO2 pollutants resulting from cooking activities are the cause of sick building syndrome. Several studies had shown that window openings for ventilation can lead indoor air conditions worse due to infiltration. There have not been many studies on this possible condition. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of ventilation and cooking activities on indoor CO and NO2 concentrations. The measured data were analyzed through a multilevel modelling operation using three models that allowed the coefficients to vary for each group. The model explored the effect of peak sessions, window opening size and cooking activities. The results of this study showed that the average CO and NO2 concentrations in three apartment units meet the levels required by PERMENKES No. 1077 of 2011 in the amount of 9.00 ppm CO and 0.04 ppm NO2. The average concentrations of CO and NO2 measured on the day under study tended to increase when occupants were actively cooking indoors, especially with a Liquefied Petroleum Gas stove. The CO concentration increased by 0.35 ppm and 0.63 ppm when the window was opened by 25% and 50% when cooking, but decreased by 0.5 ppm for 100% openings. Otherwise, the concentration of NO2 decreases by 0.001 ppm for 25% openings, 0.0004 ppm for 50% openings and 0.002 ppm for 100% openings. The CO and NO2 concentrations in unit 3 on the high floor units decreased during activities while at the same time while windows were opened. The combination of indoor pollution sources and poor outdoor concentrations has an extremely health impact on the residents. The result of the study shows the importance of adjusting the time to close the window and the time to cook, so that the accumulation of CO and NO2 concentration in the room can be avoided. Recommendations are given to apartment developers to provide exhaust cooker hood in each unit as an indoor air control strategy. Residents are suggested to cook during non-peak hours with opened windows and always turn on the cooker hood when cooking. Further observation is required to investigate the concentration of outdoor space near apartments continuously to confirm this result.

Copyright

© 2023 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Nadinda Aisyah Kamilia
AU  - Rana Zenissa
AU  - Arie Dipareza Syafei
AU  - Joni Hermana
PY  - 2022
DA  - 2022/12/28
TI  - The Effect of Ventilation and Cooking Activities during Peak Hours towards Indoor CO and NO₂ in Apartments: A Multilevel Approach
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Environment, Agriculture and Tourism (ICOSEAT 2022)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 696
EP  - 710
SN  - 2468-5747
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-086-2_93
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-086-2_93
ID  - Kamilia2022
ER  -