Real-Time Vessel Encounter Detection Using AIS Data: A CPA–TCPA Based Approach for Advanced Ship Navigation

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6239-793-4_2How to use a DOI?

Keywords

AIS; CPA; TCPA; vessel encounter detection; advanced ship navigation; maritime traffic analysis

Abstract

The increasing density of maritime traffic in coastal and port areas presents significant challenges to navigational safety and operational efficiency. Within the domain of advanced ship navigation, real-time awareness of vessel interactions is critical for preventing collision risks and supporting decision-making. This study proposes a real-time vessel encounter detection approach based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data using Closest Point of Approach (CPA) and Time to Closest Point of Approach (TCPA) analysis. A data processing pipeline is developed to decode, clean, and filter AIS data, followed by the computation of inter-vessel distance and relative motion parameters. The method enables the identification of dynamic vessel interactions, including head-on, crossing, and overtaking scenarios. The system is implemented and tested in the Makassar Port area, Indonesia, demonstrating its capability to detect encounters in real-time maritime traffic conditions. The results highlight the role of CPA–TCPA-based analysis as a fundamental component in advanced ship navigation systems and as a foundational layer for future development of intelligent navigation and decision support systems.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Joe Ronald Kurniawan Bokau
AU  - Sidrotul Muntaha
AU  - Rahimuddin Rahimuddin
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/16
TI  - Real-Time Vessel Encounter Detection Using AIS Data: A CPA–TCPA Based Approach for Advanced Ship Navigation
BT  - Proceedings of the  International Conference on Advanced Maritime Interconnection (ICAMI 2026)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 7
EP  - 22
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-793-4_2
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6239-793-4_2
ID  - Bokau2026
ER  -