Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Law Reform (INCLAR 2025)

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Tracing the Root: The State of Emergency Under the Indonesian Constitution

Authors
Rahadian Diffaul Barraq Suwartono1, *
1Cluster of Constitutional Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding author. Email: rdbsuwartono@uii.ac.id
Corresponding Author
Rahadian Diffaul Barraq Suwartono
Available Online 18 November 2025.
DOI
10.2991/978-2-38476-491-4_5How to use a DOI?
Keywords
État de Siège; Emergency; Indonesia; Martial Law
Abstract

The 1945 Constitution of Indonesia contains two distinct provisions addressing the State of Emergency, articulated through the terms “emergency” and “exigencies compel.” Although regulated under separate articles, both reflect a common foundation in the legal theory of Agamben’s state of exception. This article investigates the historical and conceptual origins of these constitutional provisions, posing the central question: why does the 1945 Constitution adopt two distinct terminologies to regulate the State of Emergency? By examining the deliberations of Indonesia’s founding parents, the study reveals that the Constitution drew upon two influential models of the State of Emergency prevalent at the time—France’s état de siège and the United States’ concept of martial law. While these models were originally designed for different contexts and legal functions, their simultaneous adoption in Indonesia has generated enduring interpretive conflicts. The paper argues that the constitutional dualism has led to contradictory applications in practice, giving rise to ongoing legal and political debates about the proper limits and coherence of emergency power in Indonesia.

Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Law Reform (INCLAR 2025)
Series
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research
Publication Date
18 November 2025
ISBN
978-2-38476-491-4
ISSN
2352-5398
DOI
10.2991/978-2-38476-491-4_5How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - Rahadian Diffaul Barraq Suwartono
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/11/18
TI  - Tracing the Root: The State of Emergency Under the Indonesian Constitution
BT  - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Law Reform (INCLAR 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 31
EP  - 47
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-491-4_5
DO  - 10.2991/978-2-38476-491-4_5
ID  - Suwartono2025
ER  -