Physics Teachers’ Challenges in Addressing 21st-Century Learning Demands: A Mixed Methods Study on the Implementation of TPACK-Integrated Instruction

DOI

10.2991/978-2-38476-579-9_14How to use a DOI?

Keywords

TPACK; Physics Teachers; 21st-century learning; Technological literacy; Teachers’ challenges

Abstract

TPACK knowledge serves as a fundamental foundation for teachers to align their teaching practices with the demands of 21st-century learning. Physics instruction plays a crucial role in developing students’ understanding of natural phenomena; therefore, teachers need to integrate TPACK components into their teaching and facilitate students in developing technology-based knowledge that aligns with 21st-century learning characteristics. However, currently, only a small number of physics teachers have implemented TPACK in their teaching practices. The purpose of this study was to analyze physics teachers’ knowledge and challenges in implementing TPACK-based instruction. This study employed a mixed-methods approach conducted in two phases. The first phase used a quantitative method to assess teachers’ TPACK knowledge through a questionnaire consisting of 37 items representing the TPACK components. The second phase employed a qualitative approach through interviews to explore teachers’ difficulties in implementing TPACK. The results revealed that teachers’ overall TPACK knowledge was relatively high, with an average score of 3.21 and a percentage of 64.29%. The highest correlations were found in the Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) aspect (r = 0.958) and the Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK) aspect (r = 0.897), both categorized as very strong. Qualitative findings indicated that teachers still faced difficulties related to technological literacy, as well as limited facilities and school support for implementing TPACK in teaching.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Risnita Risnita
AU  - Dedi Sastradika
AU  - Wulan Anna Pertiwi
AU  - Sri Ramdayeni Sakunti
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/05/21
TI  - Physics Teachers’ Challenges in Addressing 21st-Century Learning Demands: A Mixed Methods Study on the Implementation of TPACK-Integrated Instruction
BT  - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Education and Social Sciences (ICESS 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 171
EP  - 180
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-579-9_14
DO  - 10.2991/978-2-38476-579-9_14
ID  - Risnita2026
ER  -