Risk Factors associated with COVID-19 Infection among Contacts of Index Cases in Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study

Authors

Osama Kiram^{1, *,} , Shumukh Alhejaili^1, , Alwaleed Abdulhameed Alharbi^1, , Ammar Alrudayan^2, , Kurubaran Ganasegeran^3, , Mohammad A. Alharbi^4, , Mariam A. Alharbi^4, , Sami Abdo Radman Al-Dubai^1,

¹Joint Program of Preventive Medicine Post Graduate Studies, Ministry of Health, Al-Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia

²Occupational Health Administration, Ministry of Health, Al-Madinah 42312, Saudi Arabia

³Clinical Research Center, Seberang Jaya Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Penang 13700, Malaysia

⁴Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

^*Corresponding author. Email: Kiramosama@gmail.com

DOI

10.2991/dsahmj.k.211125.001How to use a DOI?

Keywords

COVID-19; infection; risk factors; Saudi Arabia

Abstract

This study was aimed to determine the risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection among contacts of index cases in Saudi Arabia. This unmatched case–control study was conducted among contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases in April and May 2020 in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 118 cases and 115 controls were included in this study. All cases and controls were interviewed via telephone by using a structured questionnaire that included two sections. The first section included participants’ personal and demographic information, and the second part included questions on the degree of distancing and the duration of contact prior to the appearance of the first symptom, seasonal influenza vaccination, and the nature of the relationship with the index case patient. The majority of cases (83.1%) and controls (67.2%) were males. The mean standard deviation age for the whole sample was 35.3 (10.6) years, and their ages ranged from 18 to 63 years. In the multivariate analysis, the risk for COVID-19 infection was increased by age [Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 2.2; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.1–4.8, p = 0.046], and was higher among family members (aOR = 10; 95% CI, 3.3–20.0; p = 0.001), coworkers (aOR = 20.0; 95% CI, 4.4–50.0; p < 0.001), and those who communicated with an index case at a distance of <1.5 m (aOR = 4.3; 95% CI, 1.9–9.8; p = 0.001).

Copyright

© 2021 Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group. Publishing services by Atlantis Press International B.V.

Open Access

This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Osama Kiram
AU  - Shumukh Alhejaili
AU  - Alwaleed Abdulhameed Alharbi
AU  - Ammar Alrudayan
AU  - Kurubaran Ganasegeran
AU  - Mohammad A. Alharbi
AU  - Mariam A. Alharbi
AU  - Sami Abdo Radman Al-Dubai
PY  - 2021
DA  - 2021/12/03
TI  - Risk Factors associated with COVID-19 Infection among Contacts of Index Cases in Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study
JO  - Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Journal
SP  - 188
EP  - 193
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
SN  - 2590-3349
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/dsahmj.k.211125.001
DO  - 10.2991/dsahmj.k.211125.001
ID  - Kiram2021
ER  -