Proceedings of the International Congress of Indonesian Linguistics Society (KIMLI 2021)

Actor and Patient in Javanese and Indonesian Imperative Clauses

Authors
Suhandanosuhandano@ugm.ac.id
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Corresponding Author
Available Online 27 December 2021.
DOI
10.2991/assehr.k.211226.022How to use a DOI?
Keywords
imperative; Javanese; Indonesian; voice system
Abstract

This paper discusses imperative clauses in Javanese and Indonesian, two genetically related languages in the Western Austronesian subfamily of the Austronesian languages family. The discussion focuses on the type of imperative clauses with two arguments, an actor and a patient, or imperative clauses with transitive verbs. In this paper, I show that Javanese has more variants of imperative clauses than Indonesian as indicated by the affixation of the verbs. Four transitive imperative verbs are found in Javanese imperative clauses: (a) verbs without affixes, (b) verbs with the prefix di-, (c) verbs with the affix N-a, and (d) verbs with the suffix -(n)en. In Indonesian, there are only two types of verbs found in imperative clauses with actor and patient arguments: (a) verbs without affixes and (b) verbs with prefix di-. I argue that the existence of imperative clauses with verbs (a) and (b) in both Javanese and Indonesian indicates that the two languages are a type of two-voice language: active dan passive voices. Meanwhile, the existence of imperative clauses with verbs (c) and (d) in Javanese indicates that this language is also a type of multiple voice language which is the type of the ancestor language, the proto-Austronesian language. It seems that Javanese is in the process of changing from a multiple voice language type to a two-voice language type.

Copyright
© 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL.
Open Access
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license.

Download article (PDF)

Volume Title
Proceedings of the International Congress of Indonesian Linguistics Society (KIMLI 2021)
Series
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research
Publication Date
27 December 2021
ISBN
978-94-6239-500-8
ISSN
2352-5398
DOI
10.2991/assehr.k.211226.022How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL.
Open Access
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license.

Cite this article

TY  - CONF
AU  - Suhandano
PY  - 2021
DA  - 2021/12/27
TI  - Actor and Patient in Javanese and Indonesian Imperative Clauses
BT  - Proceedings of the International Congress of Indonesian Linguistics Society (KIMLI 2021)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 99
EP  - 106
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211226.022
DO  - 10.2991/assehr.k.211226.022
ID  - 2021
ER  -