The Immunoglobulin A and Interleukin-6 Levels of “Biosmart and Safe Bus” and Regular Bus Passengers

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-112-8_12How to use a DOI?

Keywords

biosmart and safe bus; interleukin-6; immunoglobulin-A; sinonasal level

Abstract

The inhalant increasing risk of transmission in public transportation, is buses. Biosmart and safe bus apply the principle that the bus compartment which is a biological environment must be in a balanced state according to the disease triangle concept that is influenced by the host, in this case is the passenger, the agent causing the infection is a virus and the environment is the room in the bus cabin. The aim of the present study is to analyze the differences in IgA and IL-6 levels of Biosmart and safe bus passengers and regular bus passengers. This research is a non-blinded randomized control trial with pre-posttest design. Seventy passengers were randomly separated into two groups. Control group (n = 35) uses regular bus, and intervention group uses Biosmart and safe bus (n = 35). Nasal wash was taken by ENT specialists, and the levels of Sinonasal IgA and IL-6 were interpreted by ELISA. The data were analyzed by using Mann Whitney, Wilcoxon, Independent t-test and Paired t-test. The results is sinonasal IgA level got significant increase in all groups, respectively on pretest-posttest of intervention group 17,89 ± 30,19 (p = 0,021), control group 30,18 ± 76,09 (p = 0,014) while the delta IgA level on control group and intervention group resulted in no significant difference (p = 0,182). The IL-6 level also increased in all groups with significant difference (p = 0.000), the delta resulted in significant difference (p = 0,013) with intervention group 13,38 ± 0,96 and control group 13,90 ± 1,27. Interleukin-6 sinonasal levels of Regular Bus and Biosmart and Safe Bus passengers show difference with higher levels on regular bus passengers. Meanwhile, the delta IgA levels of Regular Bus and Biosmart and Safe Bus passengers are not different from the increase level of the two.

Copyright

© 2023 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Liftia L. Syifa
AU  - Awal Prasetyo
AU  - Udadi Sadhana
AU  - Agus Subagio
AU  - Susilo A. Widyanto
AU  - Arlita L. Antari
AU  - Stefan Arman
AU  - Anthony S. Hambali
AU  - Soerjanto Tjahjono
AU  - Saras Pujowati
AU  - Ai D. Nuraeni
AU  - Muflihatul Muniroh
AU  - Neni Susilaningsih
PY  - 2023
DA  - 2023/03/01
TI  - The Immunoglobulin A and Interleukin-6 Levels of “Biosmart and Safe Bus” and Regular Bus Passengers
BT  - Proceedings of the 1st International Conference for Health Research – BRIN (ICHR 2022)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 114
EP  - 124
SN  - 2468-5739
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-112-8_12
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-112-8_12
ID  - Syifa2023
ER  -