All of the articles in this proceedings volume have been presented at the International Biological Conference in Mongolia during 18–19 September 2025 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. These articles have been peer reviewed by the members of the Scientific Committee and approved by the Editor-in-Chief, who affirms...

Insect communities play a vital role in ecosystem functioning, particularly in arid and semi-arid rangelands. The Mongolian Altai region in western Mongolia encompasses a diverse array of ecosystems, characterized by its complex topography, arid climate, and traditional pastoral land use. This study...

The total flavonoid content of the aerial part of Caryopteris mongolica was determined, the content of some flavonoids was determined, and the microstructural characteristics of the leaf were revealed. C. mongolica has been cultivated at the plantation biostation of the New Medical University in Kherlenbayan-Ulaan,...

In Mongolia, two subspecies of brown bears are distributed: the common brown bear are in the northern forested area of the country, and the Gobi bear (Mazaalai) inhabit the southwestern desert area. The Gobi bear, a desert-dwelling species, is critically endangered due to its extremely small population....

The Swan Goose (Anser cygnoid) is a large, long-necked species typically inhabiting wetlands, lakes, and agricultural fields. It is characterized by a distinctly bicolored head and neck, dark brown above and tan below, and dark bill. Formerly listed as “Vulnerable” on the IUCN Red List since 1988, the...

The dry steppe region of Mongolia, characterized by semi-arid climate and sparse vegetation, plays a crucial role in regional carbon cycling and ecosystem resilience. Despite its vast extent, limited data are available on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and the carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio as indicators...

This study examines the dietary preferences of Turuchan pikas in its natural habitat. We found some correlations between the chemical composition of plants and their selection by pikas: individuals prefer nitrogen-rich plants both while grazing and caching; plants high in secondary metabolites primarily...

Interspecific differences in cone and seed morphology between three Larch species, Larix sibirica, Larix gmelinii, and Larix czekanowskii, in the Khentii Mountains of Mongolia are investigated in this study over six years (2016–2021). We collected 1620 cone samples and related seed from nine study areas....

This study aimed to evaluate the biological activities of purified xylooligosaccharides (XOS) derived from food industry by-products using a combination of biochemical, chromatographic, and in vivo experimental approaches. XOS were extracted from wheat bran and brewery’s spent grains via enzymatic hydrolysis...

Spongiocarpella grubovii Ulzij. is a species found in Mongolia that is threatened with extinction and is difficult to propagate using conventional methods. Therefore, in vitro propagation is expected to play an important role in the propagation of the species and in the rehabilitation of mining areas....

Trichoderma species are ubiquitous filamentous fungi with significant ecological versatility and impacts on agricultural and environmental systems. These fungi are predominantly found in soil, growing in the root system, as well as on wood and bark. Their diverse capabilities include enhancing plant...

Saussurea bogedaensis is a critically endangered medicinal plant native to high-altitude, arid environments in China and Mongolia. This study reports a new occurrence of S. bogedaensis in the Mongol Altai region of Mongolia, thereby expanding its previously known geographic range. Molecular identification...

Mongolia faces challenges in the prenatal diagnosis of trisomy conditions, resulting in increased late-term terminations, especially for Down syndrome. There is a need for improved and more specific diagnostic methods, including digital PCR-based NIPT. To address the lack of localized validation for...

CAR-T cell therapy is a cutting-edge form of immunotherapy that involves extracting T cells from a patient, genetically modifying them into CART cells, and then reinfusing them to the target and to eliminate cancer cells. Lentiviruses are commonly used in this process to deliver the chimeric antigen...

Gentiana decumbens L.f. had a common status in Mongolia and frequently used in liver diseases in Mongolian medicine recipes. Our goal is to conduct a basic study to develop biologically active products for liver disorders. We determined the antioxidant activity, toxicity, and acute toxicity of the Gentiana...

Mongolians traditionally consume a diet rich in animal-derived fats, often exceeding recommended limits for saturated fat intake. This pattern reflects both cultural preferences and the wide availability of dairy- and meat-based fats in rural and urban diets. This study investigates the consumption patterns...

Orthohepadnavirus hominoidei (formerly known as HBV) remains a significant global health concern, as chronic infection can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the main challenges in treating this virus is that fragments of its DNA, once integrated into the host genome, remain...

The construction of liver organoids that precisely recapitulate the intricate architecture and physiological functions of native liver tissue represents a pivotal research direction in biomedical engineering, offering a transformative technological platform for innovative drug development, precision...

Recent evidence shows air pollution as a critical environmental factor linked to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with increased risk of disease like Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and stroke, highlighting the need to identify which brain regions...

The introduction of artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET) in Mongolian cashmere goats during the 1980s marked a key step toward enhancing national goat breeding efforts. This review evaluates the implementation, outcomes, and synchronization methods currently used in both cashmere and...

As one of the most polluting industrial sectors, tanneries are notorious for producing enormous volumes of solid and liquid waste without adequate management or disposal. Due to the usage of several chemicals and the discharge of numerous harmful elements, the leather industry seriously pollutes the...