Purpose: Atheromatosis and arteriosclerosis applied to changes in the intima and media vessel wall respectively, as part of the atherosclerotic process. Mediterranean diet, promoting olive oil and fruits consumption, contributes to cardiovascular disease prevention. Aim of our study is to investigate whether left ventricular (LV) and peripheral vascular parameters associate to adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern.

Methods: 75 males (56±11 years) underwent cardiac ultrasound examination. Doppler diastolic parameters (E/A, E/ E′), LV mass (LVM) and LV mass index (LVMI) were obtained. Diameter of the ascending aorta was assessed and aortic distensibility was calculated. All patients underwent carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid intima- media thickness (IMT) evaluation. Dietary habits were evaluated through a special diet score (Med-Diet score, range 0–55), which assesses adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern. Higher values indicate greater adherence to this pattern.

Results: Based on the Med-Diet Score, three groups were formed (high ≥30, intermediate: 21–29 and low ≤ 20) with no significant differences in main risk factors between them. Patients with low score had significantly higher LVM, LVMI and E/E′ compared to others. Regarding vascular parameters, aortic stiffness and IMT were inversely correlated to the Med-Diet score. Associations between cardiac and vascular parameters remained significant after adjustment for age and cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: Low adherence to the Mediterranean type of diet is significantly associated to impaired left ventricular and vascular structure and performance. Physicians should advise for healthier dietary habits and identify those who may need more intensive follow up.