Proceedings of the 3d Conference on Artificial General Intelligence (2010)

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41 articles
Proceedings Article

Software Design of an AGI System Based on Perception Loop

Antonio Chella, Massimo Cossentino, Valeria Seidita
According to the externalist approach, subjective experience hypothesizes a processual unity between the activity in the brain and the perceived event in the external world. A perception loop therefore occurs among the brain's activities and the external world. In our work the metaphor of test is employed...
Proceedings Article

Cognitive Architecture Requirements for Achieving AGI

John E. Laird, Robert E. Wray III
We outline eight characteristics of the environments, tasks, and agents important for human-level intelligence. Treating these characteristics as influences on desired agent behavior, we then derive twelve requirements for general cognitive architectures. Cognitive-architecture designs that meet the...
Proceedings Article

A Generic Adaptive Agent Architecture Integrating Cognitive and Affective States and their Interaction

Zulfiqar A. Memon, Jan Treur
In this paper a generic adaptive agent architecture is presented that integrates the interaction between cognitive and affective aspects of mental functioning, based on variants of notions adopted from neurological literature. It is discussed how it addresses a number of issues that have recurred in...
Proceedings Article

Quantitative Spatial Reasoning for General Intelligence

Unmesh Kurup, Nicholas L. Cassimatis
One of the basic requirements of an intelligent agent is the ability to represent and reason about space. While there are a number of approaches for achieving this goal, the recent gains in efficiency of the Satisfiability approach have made it a popular choice. Modern propositional SAT solvers are efficient...
Proceedings Article

What we might look for in an AGI benchmark

Brandon Rohrer
A benchmark in the ¯eld of Arti¯cial General Intelligence (AGI) would allow evaluation and comparison of the many computational intelligence algorithms that have been developed. In this paper I propose that an ideal benchmark would possess seven key characteristics: ¯tness, breadth, specificity, low...
Proceedings Article

On Super-Turing Computing Power and Hierarchies of Artificial General Intelligence Systems

Jiri Wiedermann
Using the contemporary view of computing exemplified by recent models and results from non-uniform complexity theory we investigate the computational power of artificial general intelligence systems (AGISs). We show that in accordance with the so-called Extended Turing Machine Paradigm such systems can...
Proceedings Article

Discovering and characterizing Hidden Variables

Soumi Ray, Tim Oates
Theoretical entities are aspects of the world that cannot be sensed directly but that nevertheless are causally relevant. Scientifc inquiry has uncovered many such entities, such as black holes and dark matter. We claim that theoretical entities are omportant for the development of concepts within the...
Proceedings Article

Remarks on the Meaning of Analogical Relations

Ulf Krumnack, Helmar Gust, Angela Schwering, Kai-Uwe Kuhnberger
Analogical reasoning plays an important role in the context of higher cognitive abilities of humans. Analogies can be used not only to explain reasoning abilities of humans, but also to explain learning from sparse data, creative problem solving, abstractions of concrete situations, and recognition of...
Proceedings Article

Grounding Possible Worlds Semantics in Experiential Semantics

Matthew Ikle, Ben Goertzel
Probabilistic Logic Networks (PLN), a comprehensive framework for uncertain inference currently in use in the OpenCog and Novamente Cognition Engine AGI software architectures, has previously been described in terms of the ¨experiential semantics" of an intelligent agent embodied in a world. However,...
Proceedings Article

A conversion between utility and information

Pedro A. Ortega, Daniel A. Braun
Rewards typically express desirabilities or preferences over a set of alternatives. Here we propose that rewards can be defined for any probability distribution based on three desiderata, namely that rewards should be real-valued, additive and order-preserving, where the latter implies that more probable...
Proceedings Article

Relational Local Iterative Compression

Laurent Orseau
Compression in the program space is of high importance in Artificial General Intelligence. Since maximal data compression in the general sense is not possible to achieve, it is necessary to use approximate algorithms, like AIXIt;l. This paper introduces a system that is able to compress data locally...
Proceedings Article

Compression-Driven Progress in Science

Leo Pape
The construction of an artificial scientist, a machine that discovers and describes the general rules governing a variety of complex environments, can be considered an important challenge for artificial general intelligence. Recently, a computational framework for scientific investigation has been postulated...
Proceedings Article

Algorithmic Probability, Heuristic Programming and AGI

Ray J. Solomonoff
This paper is about Algorithmic Probability (ALP) and Heuristic Programming and how they can be combined to achieve AGI. It is an update of a 2003 report describing a system of this kind (Sol03). We first describe ALP, giving the most common implementation of it, then the features of ALP relevant to...
Proceedings Article

A Theoretical Framework to Formalize AGI-Hard Problems

Pedro Demasi, Jayme L. Szwarcfiter, Adriano J. O. Cruz
The main goal of the Artificial General Intelligence field (AGI) to create human level intelligence is known as a very ambitious one. On the way to the field development there are many difficult problems to solve, like natural language translation, for example, which seem to share some 'hardness' properties....
Proceedings Article

Concept Formation in the Ouroboros Model

Knud Thomsen
According to the Ouroboros Model several occasions can be distinguished over the course of the general autonomous cyclic activity in which new concepts are established and associated memories are preferentially laid down. Whereas a rather standard habituation process can lead to the extraction of statistical...
Proceedings Article

A General Intelligence Oriented Architecture for Embodied Natural Language Processing

Ben Goertzel, Cassio Pennachin, Samir Araujo, Fabricio Silva, Murilo Queiroz, Ruiting Lian, Welter Silva, Michael Ross, Linas Vepstas, Andre Senna
A software architecture is described which enables a virtual agent in an online virtual world to carry out simple English language interactions grounded in its perceptions and actions. The use of perceptions to guide anaphor resolution is discussed, along with the use of natural language generation to...
Proceedings Article

Toward a Formal Characterization of Real-World General Intelligence

Ben Goertzel
Two new formal definitions of intelligence are presented, the "pragmatic general intelligence" and "efficient pragmatic general intelligence." Largely inspired by Legg and Hutter's formal de nition of "universal intelligence", the goal of these de nitions is to capture a notion of general intelligence...
Proceedings Article

A (hopefully) Unbiased Universal Environment Class for Measuring Intelligence of Biological and Artificial Systems

José Hernandez-Orallo
The measurement of intelligence is usually associated with the performance over a selection of tasks or environments. The most general approach in this line is called Universal Intelligence, which assigns a probability to each possible environment according to several constructs derived from Kolmogorov...
Proceedings Article

Towards Practical Universal Search

Tom Schaul, Jürgen Schmidhuber
Universal Search is the asymptotically fastest way of finding a program that calculates a solution to a given problem, provided nothing is known about the problem except that there is a fast way of verifying solutions.
Proceedings Article

The CHREST Architecture of Cognition: The Role of Perception in General Intelligence

Fernand Gobet, Peter Lane
This paper argues that the CHREST architecture of cognition can shed important light on developing artificial general intelligence. The key theme is that 'cognition is perception'. The description of the main components and mechanisms of the architecture is followed by a discussion of several domains...
Proceedings Article

Designing a Safe Motivational System for Intelligent Machines

Mark R. Waser
As machines become more intelligent, more flexible, more autonomous and more powerful, the questions of how they should choose their actions and what goals they should pursue become critically important. Drawing upon the examples of and lessons learned from humans and lesser creatures, we propose a hierarchical...
Proceedings Article

GQ(lambda): A general gradient algorithm for temporal-difference prediction learning with eligibility traces

Hamid Reza Maei, Richard S. Sutton
A new family of gradient temporal-difference learning algorithms have recently been introduced by Sutton,Maei and others in which function approximation is much more straightforward. In this paper, we introduce the GQ(lambda) algorithm which can be seen as extension of that work to a more general setting...
Proceedings Article

Playing General Structure Rewriting Games

Lukasz Kaiser, Lukasz Stafiniak
Achieving goals in a complex environment in which many players interact is a general task demanded from an AI agent. When goals of the players are given explicitly, such setting can be described as a multi-player game with complete information. We introduce a general model of such games in which states...
Proceedings Article

The Toy Box Problem (and a Preliminary Solution)

Benjamin Johnston
The evaluation of incremental progress towards ˜Strong AI¨ or "AGI" remains a challenging open problem. In this paper, we draw inspiration from benchmarks used in artificial commonsense reasoning to propose a new benchmark problem—the Toy Box Problem—that tests the practical real-world intelligence...
Proceedings Article

Frontier Search

Yi Sun, Tobias Glasmachers, Tom Schaul, Jürgen Schmidhuber
How to search the space of programs for a code that solves a given problem? Standard asymptotically optimal Universal Search orders programs by Levin complexity, implementing an exponential trade-off between program length and runtime. Depending on the problem, however, sometimes we may have a good reason...
Proceedings Article

A minimum relative entropy principle for AGI

Antoine van de Ven, Ben A.M. Schouten
In this paper the principle of minimum relative entropy (PMRE) is proposed as a fundamental principle and idea that can be used in the field of AGI. It is shown to have a very strong mathematical foundation, that it is even more fundamental then Bayes rule or MaxEnt alone and that it can be related to...
Proceedings Article

Stochastic Grammar Based Incremental Machine Learning Using Scheme

Eray Ozkural, Cevdet Aykanat
Gigamachine is our initial implementation of an Artificial General Intelligence (AGI system) in the O'Caml language with the goal of building Solomonoff's Phase 1 machine that he proposed as the basis of a quite powerful incremental machine learning system (Sol02). While a lot of work remains to implement...
Proceedings Article

Searching for Minimal Neural Networks in Fourier Space

Jan Koutnik, Faustino Gomez, Jürgen Schmidhuber
The principle of minimum description length suggests looking for the simplest network that works well on the training examples, where simplicity is measured by network description size based on a reasonable programming language for encoding networks. Previous work used an assembler-like universal network...
Proceedings Article

Neuroethological Approach to Understanding Intelligence

Dae-Eun Kim
The neuroethology is an interdisciplinary study among artificial intelligence, biology and robotics to understand the animal behavior and its underlying neural mechanism. We argue that the neuroethological approach helps understand the general artificial intelligence.
Proceedings Article

Efficient Constraint-Satisfaction in Domains with Time

Perrin G. Bignoli, Nicholas L. Cassimatis, Arthi Murugesan
Satisfiability (SAT) testing methods have been used effectively in many inference, planning and constraint satisfaction tasks and thus have been considered a contribution towards artificial general intelligence. However, since SAT constraints are defined over atomic propositions, domains with state variables...
Proceedings Article

Artificial General Segmentation

Daniel Hewlett, Paul Cohen
We argue that the ability to find meaningful chunks in sequential input is a core cognitive ability for artificial general intelligence, and that the Voting Experts algorithm, which searches for an information theoretic signature of chunks, provides a general implementation of this ability. In support...
Proceedings Article

Artificial Scientists & Artists Based on the Formal Theory of Creativity

Jürgen Schmidhuber
I have argued that a simple but general formal theory of creativity explains many essential aspects of intelligence including science, art, music, humor. It is based on the concept of maximizing reward for the creation or discovery of novel patterns allowing for improved data compression or prediction....
Proceedings Article

The Evaluation of AGI Systems

Pei Wang
The paper surveys the evaluation approaches used in AGI research, and argues that the proper way of evaluation is to combine empirical comparison with human intelligence and theoretical analysis of the assumptions and implications of the AGI models.
Proceedings Article

Compression Progress, Pseudorandomness, & Hyperbolic Discounting

Moshe Looks
General intelligence requires open-ended exploratory learning. The principle of compression progress proposes that agents should derive intrinsic reward from maximizing "interestingness", the first derivative of compression progress over the agent's history. Schmidhuber posits that such a drive can explain...
Proceedings Article

A Cognitive Architecture for Knowledge Exploitation

G.W. Ng, Y.S. Tan, L.N. Teow, K.H. Ng, K.H. Tan, R.Z. Chan
A cognitive architecture specifies a computational infrastructure that defines the various regions/functions working as a whole to produce human-like intelligence [1]. It also defines the main connectivity and information flow between various regions/functions. These functions and the connectivity between...
Proceedings Article

Uncertain Spatiotemporal Logic for General Intelligence

Nil Geisweiller, Ben Goertzel
Spatiotemporal reasoning is an important skill that an AGI is expected to have, innately or not. Much work has already been done in defining reasoning systems for space, time and spacetime, such as the Region Connection Calculus for space, Allen's Interval Algebra for time, or the Qualitative Trajectory...
Proceedings Article

Towards Automated Code Generation for Autonomous Mobile Robots

D. Kerr, U. Nehmzow, S.A. Billings
With the expected growth in mobile robotics the demand for expertise to develop robot control code will also increase. As end-users cannot be expected to develop this control code themselves, a more elegant solution would be to allow the end-users to teach the robot by demonstrating the task. In this...
Proceedings Article

An Artificial Intelligence Model that Combines Spatial and Temporal Perception

Jianglong Nan, Fintan Costello
This paper proposes a continuous-time machine learning model that learns the chronological relationships and the intervals between events, stores and organises the learnt knowledge in different levels of abstraction in a network, and makes predictions about future events. The acquired knowledge is represented...
Proceedings Article

A Bayesian Rule for Adaptive Control based on Causal Interventions

Pedro A. Ortega, Daniel A. Braun
Explaining adaptive behavior is a central problem in artificial intelligence research. Here we formalize adaptive agents as mixture distributions over sequences of inputs and outputs (I/O). Each distribution of the mixture constitutes a "possible world", but the agent does not know which of the possible...
Proceedings Article

Sketch of an AGI architecture with illustration

Andreas Lorincz, Zoltan R. Bardosi, Daniel Takacs
Here we present a framework for AGI inspired by knowledge about the only working prototype: the brain. We consider the neurobiological findings as directives. The main algorithmic modules are de¯ned and solutions for each subtasks are given together with the available mathematical (hard) constraints....
Proceedings Article

On Evaluating Agent Performance in a Fixed Period of Time

José Hernandez-Orallo
The evaluation of several agents over a given task in a finite period of time is a very common problem in experimental design, statistics, computer science, economics and, in general, any experimental science. It is also crucial for intelligence evaluation. In reinforcement learning, the task is formalised...