Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health

+ Advanced search
465 articles
Research Article

Epidemiological Profile of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients with Digestive Symptoms in Algeria

Houria Kasmi, Koula Doukani, Ahmad Ali, Souhila Tabak, Hasna Bouhenni
Pages: 293 - 297
Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Algerian patients with peptic disorders and evaluate the impact of different epidemiological factors (age, sex, sampling site, presence or absence of H. pylori, and type of pathology related to this...
Research Article

Measles Resurgence in Europe: Migrants and Travellers are not the Main Drivers

Wei-Yee Leong, Annika Beate Wilder-Smith
Pages: 294 - 299
Measles is a highly transmissible viral infection that may lead to serious illness, lifelong complications, and death. As there is no animal reservoir for measles, measles resurgence is due to human movement of viremic persons. Therefore, some have blamed the enormous migration into Europe in the past...
Research Article

Venous thromboembolism risks and prophylaxis in King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia

Ayman Kharaba, Mohammad Al Aboud, Madinah Reham Kharabah, Khaled Alyami, Amal Al Beihany
Pages: 295 - 298
Objective: To evaluate the risk factors, physician’s compliance, and implementation of the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis at our hospital. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia,...
Letter to Editor

Volunteering to improve health worldwide. Current trends in Out of Programme Experience/Training in the UK 2014

T. Bharucha, A. Traianou, M. Keniger, G. Chisholm, G. Lewis, J. Roland, M. Stark, C.S. Brown
Pages: 295 - 296
Research Article

Hospital admissions among immigrants from low-income and foreign citizens from high-income countries in Spain in 2000–2012

José M. Ramos, Héctor Pinargote, Eva M. Navarrete-Muñoz, Alejando Salinas, Jaume Sastre
Pages: 295 - 302
Over the last decade, the number of foreign nationals in Spain has increased. Our aim was to report the trends in hospital admissions, differentiating between foreign nationals from high-income countries (HICs) and from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in a public hospital. A retrospective analysis...
Research Article

Global Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS: A Resurgence in North America and Europe

Romona D. Govender, Muhammad Jawad Hashim, Moien AB Khan, Halla Mustafa, Gulfaraz Khan
Pages: 296 - 301
We aimed to assess global trends in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and evaluate progress toward eradication since the inception of the pandemic. Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 update and the UNAIDS Data 2019. The datasets included...
Research Article

Validation of the Arabic version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Anwar E. Ahmed, Abdulhamid Fatani, Abdullah Al-Harbi, Abdullah Al-Shimemeri, Yosra Z. Ali, Salim Baharoon, Hamdan Al-Jahdali
Pages: 297 - 302
Background: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a questionnaire widely used in developed countries to measure daytime sleepiness and diagnose sleep disorders. Objective: This study aimed to develop an ESS questionnaire for the Arabic population (ArESS), to determine ArESS internal consistency, and...
Review Article

Drinking water studies: A review on heavy metal, application of biomarker and health risk assessment (a special focus in Malaysia)

Nurul Hafiza Ab Razak, Sarva Mangala Praveena, Ahmad Zaharin Aris, Zailina Hashim
Pages: 297 - 310
Malaysia has abundant sources of drinking water from river and groundwater. However, rapid developments have deteriorated quality of drinking water sources in Malaysia. Heavy metal studies in terms of drinking water, applications of health risk assessment and bio-monitoring in Malaysia were reviewed...
Research Article

Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Middle Eastern Patients

Heba Adam, Maryam Alqassas, Omar I. Saadah, Mahmoud Mosli
Pages: 298 - 303
Background and Aims: The Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs), Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), are gastrointestinal autoimmune disorders with many Extraintestinal Manifestations (EIMs). Previously reported incidences of EIMs in IBD patients have ranged from 10% to 50%. The large variation...
Research Article

Predictors of healthcare seeking delays among children with chronic musculoskeletal disorders in Nepal

Drake G. LeBrun, Divya Talwar, Tuyetnhi A. Pham, Bibek Banskota, David A. Spiegel
Pages: 299 - 304
Background: Healthcare seeking behaviors among children with musculoskeletal disorders are poorly understood. We sought to analyze healthcare seeking delays among children with chronic musculoskeletal conditions in Nepal and identify predictors of clinically significant delays. Methods: A cross-sectional...
Research Article

What Constitutes Health Care Seeking Pathway of TB Patients: A Qualitative Study in Rural Bangladesh

Tanvir Shatil, Nusrat Khan, Fakir Md. Yunus, Anita Sharif Chowdhury, Saifur Reza, Shayla Islam, Akramul Islam, Mahfuzar Rahman
Pages: 300 - 308
Given the targeted 4–5% annual reduction of tuberculosis (TB) cure cases to reach the “End TB Strategy” by 2020 milestone globally set by WHO, exploration of TB health seeking behavior is warranted for insightful understanding. This qualitative study aims to provide an account of the social, cultural,...
Research Article

Epidemiology and Microbiological Profile of Common Healthcare Associated Infections among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit of a General Hospital in Kuwait: A Retrospective Observational Study

Wadha Alfouzan, Rita Dhar, Naglaa M. Abdo, Walid Q. Alali, Ali A. Rabaan
Pages: 302 - 309
Background: Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are prone to develop nosocomial infections due to Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) organisms. Inappropriate and overuse of antibiotics play an important role in the emergence of MDR organisms, which cause life-threatening infections resulting in...
Research Article

Awareness of pro-tobacco advertising and promotion and beliefs about tobacco use: Findings from the Tobacco Control Policy (TCP) India Pilot Survey

Maansi Bansal-Travers, Geoffrey T. Fong, Anne C.K. Quah, Genevieve Sansone, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Prakash C. Gupta, Dhirendra N. Sinha
Pages: 303 - 313
Tobacco companies are utilizing similar strategies to advertise and promote their products in developing countries as they have used successfully for over 50 years in developed countries. The present study describes how adult smokers, smokeless tobacco users, and non-users of tobacco from the Tobacco...
Research Article

Careseeking for childhood diarrhoea at the primary level of care in communities in Cross River State, Nigeria

Oluranti Ekpo
Pages: 303 - 313
Risk factors for care-seeking choices for childhood diarrhea in Nigeria are poorly understood. They are essential to the control of childhood illnesses because diarrhea is an important cause of childhood mortality. This study explored the contributors to care-seeking choices in Cross River State, Nigeria....
Research Article

Evaluating the Effects of Climate and Environmental Factors on Under-5 Children Malaria Spatial Distribution Using Generalized Additive Models (GAMs)

Chigozie Louisa Jane Ugwu, Temesgen Zewotir
Pages: 304 - 314
Although malaria burden has declined globally following scale up of intervention, the disease has remained a leading cause of hospitalization and deaths among children aged under-5 years in Nigeria. Malaria is known to be related to climate and environmental conditions. Previous research has usually...
Short Communication

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli infections among the children of Andaman Islands with special reference to pathotype distribution and clinical profile

Raghavan P. Ramya, Subarna Roy, Ramanathan Thamizhmani, Attayur Purushothaman Sugunan
Pages: 305 - 308
Diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) is one of the most common causes of diarrhoeal death in children less than five years globally. It is responsible for 30%–40% of all diarrhoeal episodes in developing countries. It is estimated that 0.12 million children died of diarrhoea caused by DEC in 2011 globally. There...
Research Article

Predictors of Intentions to Make Healthier Eating Choices among Midwestern Truck Drivers

Wan-Ju Jennifer Yen, Olabode Ayodele, Adrienne McCarthy
Pages: 309 - 314
Truck drivers constitute a highly vulnerable population with very limited opportunities for healthy foods and healthy eating choices. This cross-sectional study assessed the utility of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in understanding and predicting healthy eating intention among Midwestern truck...
Research Article

Epidemiological Profile of Meningitis following Pentavalent Vaccination in Iran: Impact of Vaccine Introduction

Saber Heidari, Manoochehr Karami, Seyed Mohsen Zahraei, Iraj Sedighi, Fatemeh Azimian Zavareh
Pages: 310 - 315
Ensuring the effectiveness of the Haemophilus influenza type b (DTwP-Hib-HepB) vaccine in reducing meningitis is an essential approach in evaluating the effectiveness of the vaccine. The study aimed to address the epidemiology of meningitis following pentavalent vaccination in Iran. Data on meningitis...
Research Article

Leveraging “big data” to enhance the effectiveness of “one health” in an era of health informatics

G.V. Asokan, Vanitha Asokan
Pages: 311 - 314
Zoonoses constitute 61% of all known infectious diseases. The major obstacles to control zoonoses include insensitive systems and unreliable data. Intelligent handling of the cost effective big data can accomplish the goals of one health to detect disease trends, outbreaks, pathogens and causes of emergence...
Research Article

Changes in hand hygiene compliance after a multimodal intervention among health-care workers from intensive care units in Southwestern Saudi Arabia

Ahmed A. Mahfouz, Ibrahim A. Al-Zaydani, Ali O. Abdelaziz, Mohammad N. El-Gamal, Abdullah M. Assiri
Pages: 315 - 321
The aim of this study is to measure the degree of compliance with hand hygiene practices among health-care workers (HCWs) in intensive care facilities in Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia, before and after a multimodal intervention program based on WHO strategies. Data were collected by direct...
Research Article

Association between worldwide dietary and lifestyle patterns with total cholesterol concentrations and DALYs for infectious and cardiovascular diseases: An ecological analysis

C. Oggioni, H. Cena, J.C.K. Wells, J. Lara, C. Celis-Morales, M. Siervo
Pages: 315 - 325
Global dietary and lifestyle trends are primary risk factors for communicable and non-communicable diseases. An ecological analysis was conducted to examine the association of global dietary and lifestyle patterns with total cholesterol concentrations. This study also investigated whether total cholesterol...
Research Article

Risk factors and quality of life of dyslipidemic patients in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study

Akram Farhat, Amal Al-Hajje, Samar Rachidi, Salam Zein, Mayssam Bou Zeid, Pascale Salameh, Wafaa Bawab, Sanaa Awada
Pages: 315 - 323
The main objective of this study was to identify the risk factors of dyslipidemia and measure its impact on patients’ quality of life (QOL). Secondary objectives were to determine the percentage of dyslipidemia and assess the predictive factors affecting patients’ QOL. A cross-sectional study was conducted...
Research Article

Investigating the Spatial Patterns of Common Childhood Morbidity in Six Neighboring West African Countries

Ezra Gayawan, Olabimpe Bodunde Aladeniyi, Olubimpe Mercy Oladuti, Paul Olopha, Samson Babatunde Adebayo
Pages: 315 - 323
Children in developing countries have continued to suffer morbidity and mortality arising from a few illnesses. This study was designed to examine the within and between spatial variations in childhood morbidity from cough, fever, and diarrhea among six West African countries in a manner that transcends...
Research Article

Dietary Intakes, Patterns, and Determinants of Children Under 5 Years from Marginalized Communities in Odisha: A Cross-sectional Study

Shantanu Sharma, Faiyaz Akhtar, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Sunil Mehra
Pages: 315 - 325
Pre-school age (3–5 years) children are vulnerable to malnutrition due to poor dietary intake, dietary habits, and socio-economic conditions. Children from marginalized families are more vulnerable than non-marginalized families due to limited access to health- and nutrition-related services, besides...
Research Article

Clinical Features and Outcome of Low and High Corticosteroids in Admitted COVID-19 Patients

Salma AlBahrani, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Arulanantham Zachariah Jebakumar, Mohammed Alghamdi, Nawaf Zakary, Mariam Seria, Abdulrahman Alrowis
Pages: 316 - 319
Introduction: There is no specific anti-viral therapies for 2019 Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) infection. Here, we compared patients receiving steroids at different dosages versus no steroids in severe and critical COVID-19 patients. Methods: We retrospectively studied COVID-19 patients who received...
Short Communication

Use of footwear and foot condition among rural Ethiopian school children

Emi Watanabe, Colleen M. McBride, Abebayehu Tora, Desta A. Ayode, David Farrell, Gail Davey
Pages: 323 - 325
Objective: To evaluate whether shoe-wearing affords foot protection among school children living in southern Ethiopia. Methods: Data collectors conducted a standardized foot assessment with children in an elementary school in southern Ethiopia (N = 168). Results: 54% reported wearing shoes consistently...
Research Article

Magnitude and Reasons for Gaps in Tuberculosis Diagnostic Testing and Treatment Initiation: An Operational Research Study from Dakshina Kannada, South India

Imaad Mohammed Ismail, Akshaya Kibballi Madhukeshwar, Poonam Ramesh Naik, Badarudeen Mohammad Nayarmoole, Srinath Satyanarayana
Pages: 326 - 336
Background: In India, ensuring all Persons with Presumptive TB (PPTB) undergo TB diagnostic tests and initiating all diagnosed TB patients on treatment are two major implementation challenges. Objectives: In a coastal district of Karnataka state, South India, to (1) determine the number and proportion...
Research Article

Hypertension in the Lebanese adults: Impact on health related quality of life

Malak Khalifeh, Pascale Salameh, Amal Al Hajje, Sanaa Awada, Samar Rachidi, Wafa Bawab
Pages: 327 - 336
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, hypertension being one of their most prevalent risk factors. Information on health related quality of life (QOL) of hypertensive individuals in Lebanon is lacking. Our objectives were to evaluate QOL of hypertensive patients...
Letter to Editor

Reply to the commentary of Dr. Josué Lily Vidal

Lahoud Nathalie, Salameh Pascale, Saleh Nadine, Hosseini Hassan
Pages: 329 - 330
Research Article

Analyzing seasonality of tuberculosis across Indian states and union territories

Pankaj Narula, Praveer Sihota, Sarita Azad, Pietro Lio
Pages: 337 - 346
A significant seasonal variation in tuberculosis (TB) is observed in north India during 2006–2011, particularly in states like Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan. To quantify the seasonal variation, we measure average amplitude (peak to trough distance) across seasons in smear positive cases of...
Research Article

Factors Associated with Cesarean Section among Primiparous Women in Georgia: A Registry-based Study

Ingvild Hersoug Nedberg, Charlotta Rylander, Finn Egil Skjeldestad, Ellen Blix, Tamar Ugulava, Erik Eik Anda
Pages: 337 - 343
Cesarean section rates remain high in Georgia. As a cesarean section in the first pregnancy generally lead to a cesarean section in subsequent pregnancies, primiparous women should be targeted for prevention strategies. The aim of the study was to assess factors associated with cesarean section among...
Research Article

Quality of Life of End Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Dialysis in Southern Part of Kerala, India: Financial Stability and Inter-dialysis Weight Gain as Key Determinants

Kasi Visweswaran, Muhammed Shaffi, Philip Mathew, Minu Abraham, Jinbert Lordson, Premini Rajeev, Reena Thomas, Rajeev Aravindakshan, Jayadevan G, Kesavan Rajasekharan Nayar, Marthanda Pillai
Pages: 344 - 350
Background: Quality of Life (QoL) reflects the quality and outcome of healthcare along with key indicators of performance such as mortality and morbidity. Objective: The aim of the study was to measure the QoL among patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis and to understand...
Research Article

Relationship between oral clinical conditions and daily performances among young adults in India – A cross sectional study

Ramesh Nagarajappa, Mehak Batra, Sudhanshu Sanadhya, Hemasha Daryani, Gayathri Ramesh
Pages: 347 - 357
Objective of the present study was to investigate relationship between oral health-related quality of life using Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) scale and specific clinical dental measures. A cross sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 800 students. Oral health status and impacts...
Research Article

HIV Prevalence, Risk Factors for Infection, and Uptake of Prevention, Testing, and Treatment among Female Sex Workers in Namibia

Anna Jonas, Sadhna V. Patel, Frieda Katuta, Andrew D. Maher, Karen M. Banda, Krysta Gerndt, Ismelda Pietersen, Neia Menezes de Prata, Nicholus Mutenda, Tuli Nakanyala, Esme Kisting, Brown Kawana, Ann-Marie Nietschke, Dimitri Prybylski, Willi McFarland, David W. Lowrance
Pages: 351 - 358
Background: In most settings, Female Sex Workers (FSW) bear a disproportionate burden of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease worldwide. Representative data to inform the development of behavioral and biomedical interventions for FSW in Namibia have not been published. Objectives: Our objectives...
Research Article

Challenges and opportunities in detecting Taenia solium tapeworm carriers in Los Angeles County California, 2009–2014

Curtis Croker
Pages: 359 - 363
Carriers of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, are the sole source of neurocysticercosis, a parasitic tissue infection that can be chronic and severe. Identifying T. solium tapeworm carriers is challenging. Many are asymptomatic and go undetected and unreported. In addition, T. solium is difficult to...
Research Article

Adult Orbital Lesions in Saudi Arabia: A Multi-centered Demographic Study with Clinicopathological Correlation

Abrar K. Alsalamah, Azza MY. Maktabi, Hind M. Alkatan
Pages: 359 - 366
The demographics, clinical features, and histopathological classification of orbital space-occupying lesions in adults have not been widely described in our part of the world except for the pediatric population. In this retrospective study, we collected 110 consecutive adult patients (18 years and older)...
Research Article

First and second line drug resistance among treatment naïve pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a district under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in New Delhi

Vithal Prasad Myneedu, Ritu Singhal, Khalid Umer Khayyam, Prem Prakash Sharma, Manpreet Bhalla, Digamber Behera, Rohit Sarin
Pages: 365 - 373
There is limited information of level of drug resistance to first-line and second line anti-tuberculosis agents in treatment naïve pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients from the Indian region. Therefore, the present prospective study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility to first-line...
Research Article

First Prototype of the Infectious Diseases Seeker (IDS) Software for Prompt Identification of Infectious Diseases

F. Baldassi, O. Cenciarelli, A. Malizia, P. Gaudio
Pages: 367 - 377
The rapid detection of ongoing outbreak – and the identification of causative pathogen – is pivotal for the early recognition of public health threats. The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases are linked to several determinants, both human factors – such as population density, travel, and...
Research Article

An assessment of the occupational and environmental health needs in seven Southeastern European and West-Central Asian countries

Alexandru Coman, Răzvan M. Cherecheş, Marius I. Ungureanu, Emanuela O. Marton-Vasarhelyi, Marissa A. Valentine, Tara Sabo-Attwood, Gregory C. Gray
Pages: 375 - 384
Eastern European and Central Asian countries are undergoing rapid socioeconomic and political reforms. Many old industrial facilities are either abandoned, or use outdated technologies that severely impact the environment. Emerging industries have less regulation than in developed countries and environmental...
Research Article

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward COVID-19 among Egyptians

Zeinab A. Kasemy, Wael A. Bahbah, Shimaa K. Zewain, Mohammed G. Haggag, Safa H. Alkalash, Enas Zahran, Dalia E. Desouky
Pages: 378 - 385
COVID-19 is a public Health Emergency of International Concern. The aim of this work was to assess the level of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) among Egyptians toward COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1st to April 1st, on 3712 participants of different ages and sex. An...
Research Article

Role of patient-reported outcomes and other efficacy endpoints in the drug approval process in Europe (2008–2012)

Dipika Bansal, Anil Bhagat, Fabrizio Schifano, Kapil Gudala
Pages: 385 - 395
The present study aimed at systematically reviewing the role and extent of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) usage within the package of scientific evidence considered for marketing authorization (MA). All regulatory information published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for products authorized...
Research Article

Seasonality and trend analysis of tuberculosis in Lahore, Pakistan from 2006 to 2013

Aasia Khaliq, Syeda Aadila Batool, M. Nawaz Chaudhry
Pages: 397 - 403
Tuberculosis (TB) is a respiratory infectious disease which shows seasonality. Seasonal variation in TB notifications has been reported in different regions, suggesting that various geographic and demographic factors are involved in seasonality. The study was designed to find out the temporal and seasonal...
Short Communication

Association of lipoprotein lipase gene with coronary heart disease in Sudanese population

Muzamil M. Abdel Hamid, Safa Ahmed, Awatif Salah, Etayeb M.A. Tyrab, Lemya M. Yahia, Elbagire A. Elbashir, Hassan H. Musa
Pages: 405 - 407
Cardiovascular disease is stabilizing in high-income countries and has continued to rise in low-to-middle-income countries. Association of lipid profile with lipoprotein lipase gene was studied in case and control subject. The family history, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and alcohol consumption...
Research Article

Between-ward disparities in colorectal cancer incidence and screening in Washington DC

Sharmila Chatterjee, Amit Chattopadhyay, Paul H. Levine
Pages: S1 - S9
This study aims to investigate the incidence and determinants of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its screening in District of Columbia (DC), and identify modifiable risk factors. Data (2000–2009) from the DC Cancer Registry, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS-DC) and Surveillance Epidemiology...
Review Article

An overview of mortality & predictors of small-cell and non-small cell lung cancer among Saudi patients

Hatim I. Alghamdi, Ali F. Alshehri, Ghada N. Farhat
Pages: S1 - S6
Lung cancer ranks as the top cancer worldwide in terms of incidence and constitutes a major health problem. About 90% of lung cancer cases are diagnosed at advance stage where treatment is not available. Despite evidence that lung cancer screening improves survival, guidelines for lung cancer screening...
Review Article

Physical activity promotion in Saudi Arabia: A critical role for clinicians and the health care system

Zahra Alahmed, Felipe Lobelo
Pages: S7 - S15
This work aimed to summarize the benefits of physical activity and the importance of counseling by a physician to promote physical activity in a primary health care setting in Saudi Arabia. Despite established evidence that physical activity is effective for reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases,...
Research Article

Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Wardha district of Maharashtra, Central India

Pratibha Narang, Deepak K. Mendiratta, Naresh K. Tyagi, Ullhas N. Jajoo, Atul T. Tayade, Pratapsingh H. Parihar, Rahul Narang, Pranav S. Mishra, Sharda M. Anjinappa, Vineet K. Chadha
Pages: S11 - S18
A house based survey was conducted during 2007–2009 in a representative sample of population in Wardha district implementing Directly Observed Treatment Short Course strategy for tuberculosis (TB) control since 2001. The objective was to estimate prevalence of bacillary pulmonary TB (PTB) in individuals...
Review Article

The impact of teachings on sexuality in Islam on HPV vaccine acceptability in the Middle East and North Africa region

Sabrine Hamdi
Pages: S17 - S22
The human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine is the recommended prevention strategy for viruses-related cancers, but its acceptability remains controversial, primarily because of the relationship between sexual activity and HPV infection. Countries in the Middle East and North Africa are conservative vis-à-vis...
Research Article

Body shape dissatisfaction is a ‘normative discontent’ in a young-adult Nigerian population: A study of prevalence and effects on health-related quality of life

Chukwunonso E.C.C. Ejike
Pages: S19 - S26
This study investigates the prevalence of weight misperception, weight preference, and body shape dissatisfaction (BSD) among young-adult Nigerians and assesses the impact of these factors on population quality-of-life (QOL). Relevant anthropometric data were collected according to internationally accepted...
Research Article

Distribution and determinants of tuberculosis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 2005 to 2012

Fahad M. Almutairi, Tamara Tayeb, Raffat Alhakeem, Abdulaziz bin Saeed, Abdullah Assiri, Scott J.N. McNabb
Pages: S23 - S28
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health threat in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) with many challenges that limit its prevention and control. To understand how to meet these challenges, this study calculated the TB incidence rates (IRs) in KSA from 2005 to 2012, which were stratified by nationality,...
Research Article

Do socio-demographic factors still predict the choice of place of delivery: A cross-sectional study in rural North India

Jyotiranjan Sahoo, Satya Vir Singh, Vimal Kishore Gupta, Suneela Garg, Jugal Kishore
Pages: S27 - S34
Improving maternal health is one of the goals to be achieved under the Millennium Development Goal (MDG), especially MDG-5. One of the predictors of maternal health is place of child birth. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of home delivery and different socio-demographic factors...
Research Article

Impact of mobile teams on tuberculosis treatment outcomes, Riyadh Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013–2015

Sami Alqahtani, Abdulhameed Kashkary, Abdullah Asiri, Heba Kamal, Jose Binongo, Kenneth Castro, Scott McNabb
Pages: S29 - S33
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the tuberculosis (TB) mobile teams on treatment outcomes in Riyadh Region by comparing patients who received treatment under mobile teams and those who did not, from 2013 to 2015. This was a retrospective descriptive study using National TB Control...
Research Article

Prevalence of self-reported sleep duration and sleep habits in type 2 diabetes patients in South Trinidad

Rishi Ramtahal, Claude Khan, Kavita Maharaj-Khan, Sriram Nallamothu, Avery Hinds, Andrew Dhanoo, Hsin-Chieh Yeh, Felicia Hill-Briggs, Mariana Lazo
Pages: S35 - S43
The present study aims to determine the prevalence of self-reported sleep duration and sleep habits and their associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes in Trinidad. This was a cross-sectional multicenter study. There were 291 patients with type 2 diabetes studied. Sleep habits were assessed...
Research Article

Device-associated nosocomial infection in general hospitals, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013–2016

Eiman Gaid, Abdullah Assiri, Scott McNabb, Weam Banjar
Pages: S35 - S40
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) including device-associated HAI (DA-HAI) are a serious patient safety issue in hospitals worldwide, affecting 5–10% of hospitalized patients and deadly for patients in intensive care units (ICUs). (Vincent, 2003; Al-Tawfiq et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2013). DA-HAIs...
Research Article

Distribution of hemoglobinopathy disorders in Saudi Arabia based on data from the premarital screening and genetic counseling program, 2011–2015

Eman S. Alsaeed, Ghada N. Farhat, Abdullah M. Assiri, Ziad Memish, Elawad M. Ahmed, Mohammad Y. Saeedi, Mishal F. Al-Dossary, Hisham Bashawri
Pages: S41 - S47
The prevalence rates of β-thalassemia (β-thal) and Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) in Saudi Arabia are considered one of the highest compared to surrounding countries in the Middle East (0.05% and 4.50%, respectively). In this study, Secondary data analysis was obtained from the premarital screening and genetic...
Research Article

Can pricing deter adolescents and young adults from starting to drink: An analysis of the effect of alcohol taxation on drinking initiation among Thai adolescents and young adults

Bundit Sornpaisarn, Kevin D. Shield, Joanna E. Cohen, Robert Schwartz, Jürgen Rehm
Pages: S45 - S57
The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between alcohol taxation changes and drinking initiation among adolescents and young adults (collectively “youth”) in Thailand (a middle-income country). Using a survey panel, this study undertook an age-period-cohort analysis using four large-scale...
Research Article

Levels of health awareness in diabetic patients during Ramadan 2015: Focus group discussion in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

F.Y. Al Slail, H.U. Afridi, Sahar Mohamed Fadl, O.O. Kheir
Pages: S49 - S54
A qualitative study was carried out to explore the health status of people with diabetes during Ramadan. Fifteen patients participated in two focus group discussions. Most respondents reported lack of knowledge regarding their own conditions and do not follow the medical advice of not fasting during...
Research Article

Effect of age and gender in the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness among a sample of the Saudi population

Abdulhamid Fatani, Khalid Al-Rouqi, Jamal Al Towairky, Anwar E. Ahmed, Sarah Al-Jahdali, Yosra Ali, Abdullah Al-Shimemeri, Abdullah Al-Harbi, Salim Baharoon, Mohammad Khan, Hamdan Al-Jahdali
Pages: S59 - S66
The aim of this study is to assess whether the effect of gender on the excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is influenced by two confounders (age and hours of sleep per night). A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh (KAMC-R). A total of 2095 respondents answered a questionnaire...
Research Article

Achieving high seroprevalence against polioviruses in Sri Lanka-Results from a serological survey, 2014

Deepa Gamage, Paba Palihawadana, Ondrej Mach, William C. Weldon, Steven M. Oberste, Roland W. Sutter
Pages: S67 - S71
The immunization program in Sri Lanka consistently reaches >90% coverage with oral poliovirus vaccines (OPV), and no polio supplementary vaccination campaigns have been conducted since 2003. We evaluated serological protection against polioviruses in children. A cross-sectional community-based survey...